Understanding Capillarity

The Isobaric Process is a thermodynamic procedure that occurs at constant pressure. Isobaric originated from the Greek “Iso” and “Baros”, denoting “Equal Pressure”. Consequently, when the volume is expanded or decreased, constant pressure is acquired. This efficiently rescinds out any pressure changes induced by heat transmission.

When heat is transported to a system in an isobaric process, little work is done. There is, nevertheless, an alteration in the system’s inner energy. Consequently, no quantities, as described by the first rule of thermodynamics, turn into zero. The Isobaric procedure is also recognized as the constant pressure process. 

How is Isobaric procedure achieved?

Isobaric Process is accomplished under Constant Pressure. The procedure to sustain constant Pressure can be clarified via a simulation. 

A gas cylinder holds a tight-fitting, massless piston that can glide up and down. The cylinder is fastened, thwarting atoms from entering or dodging. A mass on top of the piston applies constant downward force Mg. The piston is too compressed down by the atmosphere. The upward force PA applied on the piston by the gas in the cylinder, where A indicates the piston’s area, completely balances the downward force.

This pressure is free of the gas’s temperature or the piston’s height; therefore it stays constant providing M stays constant.

When the gas in the cylinder heats up, it inflates and shoves the piston upward. Though, the pressure, which is administered by mass M, will stay constant. The horizontal line 1→ 2 on the P-V diagram signifies this procedure. This is defined as an isobaric expansion. In case the gas is cooled, isobaric compression takes place, lessening the piston. On a P – V diagram, an isobaric procedure emerges as a horizontal line.

Isobaric process formula: W = P(V2 – V1).

Isobaric Process Example

The boiling of water escorting to steam configuration or the freezing of water escorting to the configuration of ice are isobaric process examples. A gas inflates or compresses to sustain constant pressure throughout the operation, consequential in a net amount of work done by or on the system. The amount of heat dQ is utilized in part to lift the temperature dT and in part to execute external work.

dQ=CpdT+PdV

Work done by a Gas in an Isobaric procedure

The work done is computed using the equation;

W = Vi∫VfPdV      

Because the pressure in an isobaric procedure is constant, the integral turns into

W=Pi i∫VfdV = Pi(Vf−Vi) =PiΔV

If the gas inflates, Vf >Vi so ΔV > 0 and the work completed by the gas is positive.

When the gas is condensed, Vf <Vi so that ΔV < 0, and the work which is done by the gas is negative.

The rectangular area beneath the isobaric path on the P-V diagram signifies the work performed by the gas. The area is either positive or negative relying on whether the gas inflates or contracts.

What is Thermodynamic Process?

A Thermodynamic procedure is one where the system endures an alteration in energy. This leads to alterations in its physical properties for instance Pressure, Volume, Internal Energy, Temperature, Heat Transfer, etc. When the entire system’s macroscopic physical traits revisit their original values, the system revisits to their original state.

Work and heat transfer are two procedures that change the thermodynamic equilibrium state. A quasi-static process happens when a system alters gradually enough that each consecutive state it surpasses through is efficiently in equilibrium. The reversible procedures are all quasi-static; they happen very slowly. Equilibrium condition is a static condition. In a Reversible procedure, the system does not diverge from equilibrium, and even if it does, it does so in exceedingly small amounts. 

Equilibrium thermodynamics comprises other thermodynamic processes also. Those procedures indicate the constant thermodynamic variable. 

• Isothermal Process: The temperature of the system remains constant. 
• Isochoric Process: The volume of the System remains constant.
• Adiabatic Process: No Heat is relocated to or from the system. 

Conclusion

The Isobaric procedure is a thermodynamic procedure that occurs at constant pressure. Constant Pressure is attained when the volume is expanded or decreased. This efficiently cancels out any pressure alterations induced by heat diffusion. Isobaric procedure is also recognized as Constant pressure process. The fuming of water leading to steam configuration or the freezing of water leading to configuration of ice are isobaric process examples.

A Thermodynamic procedure is one where the system experiences an alteration in energy. Work and heat transfer are two procedures that change the thermodynamic equilibrium condition. The heat provided per mole per unit increase in the temperature of a gas is recognized as molar heat capacity at constant pressure and is denoted by Cp = (ΔQ/nΔT)p, where the subscript ‘p’ indicates constant pressure.