The Tughlaq Dynasty is one of the five Islamic dynasties. The third dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate was the Tughlaq Dynasty. It was founded succeeding the Khalji Dynasty. This article will further detail the ruler and founder of the Tughlaq Dynasty. Many rulers ruled from 1320 to 1413, i.e., for about 93 years. It was founded by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq or Ghazi Malik and ruled by more rulers like Muhammad-bin-Tughluq. The last ruler of this Dynasty was  Nasir-ud-din Mohammed Tughlaq. The Sayyid Dynasty succeeded this dynasty.

Founder of Tughlaq Dynasty:

• Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq or Ghazi Malik (1320 – 1325 A.D.)

Ghazi Malik was the founder of the Tughlaq Dynasty. The city of Tughlaqabad was founded by him. He started his rule from 1320 A.D and continued till 1325 A.D. In his earlier life, Tughlaq was a merchant and was a horse keeper. Tughluq’s policies were very harsh for the Mongols. He seized the Mongol rulers who invaded India. Parts of Bengal, Utkala or Orissa, and Warangal were brought under his control. In 1325 A.D, when he was going to attend a function, he was crushed to death due to the collapse of a pavilion. He was succeeded by Sultan Muhammad Adil bin Tughluq Shah.

Tughlaq Dynasty Rulers:

The Tughlaq Dynasty witnessed many rulers, but all of them were not very powerful. Only three of them were very competent and powerful. They were Sultan Ghiyath-ud-din Tughluq Shah, Sultan Muhammad Adil bin Tughluq Shah and Sultan Feroze Shah Tughluq. Other successors were not very powerful. Due to this reason many territories became independent by the end of the 14th century. 

Here is a complete list of all the rulers along with their timelines. 

• Sultan Ghiyath-ud-din Tughluq Shah (1320 – 1325 A.D.) – He ruled from 1320 A.D to 1325 A.D. He was the first ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty. His term was about five years. His personal name was Ghazi Malik.
• Sultan Muhammad Adil bin Tughluq Shah (1325-1351A.D.) – He ruled from 1325 A.D to 1351 A.D. He extended the territories very much during his reign. Most of the Indian Subcontinent was ruled by him. His personal name was Malik Fakhr-ud-din.
• Sultan Feroze Shah Tughluq (1351 – 1388 A.D.)  – He ruled from 1351 A.D to 1388 A.D.  He removed the collection of all types of useless taxes. He used to collect only four types of taxes. He also constructed many dams, bridges and canals. Many towns like Firozabad, Hissar, Jaunpur, and Fatehabad are constructed by him. The Diwan-i-lstibqaq was established by him for financial support for the poor. His personal name was Malik Feroze ibn Malik Rajab. 
• Sultan Ghiyath-ud-din Tughluq Shah (1388 – 1389 A.D.) – He ruled only for a year and was not a very powerful ruler.  His personal name was Tughluq Khan ibn Fateh Khan ibn Feroze Shah.
• Sultan Abu Bakr Shah (1389 – 1390 A.D.) – He ruled from 1389 A.D to 1390 A.D.  His personal name was Abu Bakr Khan ibn Zafar Khan ibn Fateh Khan ibn Feroze Shah.
• Sultan Muhammad Shah (1390 – 1394 A.D.) -He ruled from 1390 A.D to 1394 A.D.  He was the only ruler who ruled for more than one year after Feroze Shah. His personal name was Muhammad Shah ibn Feroze Shah.
• Sultan Ala-ud-din Sikandar Shah (1394 A.D.) – He was not a powerful ruler. His personal name was Humayun Khan. He ruled only for few months in 1394 A.D. 
• Sultan Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah Tughluq (1394 A.D.) – He ruled only for a few months. His personal name was Mahmud Shah ibn Muhammad Shah.

Sultan Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq (1394 – 1398 A.D.) – He was the last ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty. He ruled from 1394 A.D to 1398 A.D. After the invasion of Timur, this dynasty came to an end. His personal name was Nusrat Khan ibn Fateh Khan ibn Feroze Shah.

Conclusion:

The Tughlaq Dynasty is one of the most significant Islamic dynasties our country has witnessed. The history of this empire is  very vast and it deserves due attention from readers. All the works of art, architecture, economics, and administration are praiseworthy. This topic is a crucial part of our Indian history and should be preserved and spread through generations. It was all about the founder of the tughlaq dynasty, the first ruler of the tughlaq dynasty, and  rulers of tughlaq dynasty . I hope you will understand all these topics after reading this article.