Clarity on Brownian Movement

Brownian motion is also referred to as pedestal motion, which comes from the Greek term “jumping.” A cell, despite its size in comparison to the atoms and molecules in the surrounding medium, travels with a very small, fast-moving mass. 

Brownian motion is a macroscopic (visible) image of a cell that has been altered by several random causes. Brownian motion is defined as the uncontrolled or erratic movement of particles in a fluid as a result of frequent collisions with other fast-moving molecules.

The random motion of a cell can be observed to be strong in microscopic particles, low viscosity fluids, and at high temperatures in general. These are some of the factors that influence cell mobility in a fluid. One of the most common examples of Brownian motion is diffusion. Contaminants in the air or calcium in the bones are examples of this effect. Brownian motion is exemplified by transport systems that are influenced by large currents and exhibit pedesis.

The Brownian motion is named after Scottish botanist Robert Brown, who discovered that when pollen grains are immersed in water, they travel in random directions. The random mobility of liquid particles is depicted in this illustration.

Examples:

• Pollen grains floating in stagnant water

• In a room, dirt is moving (although mostly affected by air currents)

• Pollutants in the air are spreading.

• Diffusion of calcium through bones

• Electrical charge “holes” in semiconductors move around.

Causes of Brownian movement:

• The speed of motion is inversely proportional to particle size, hence smaller particles move faster.

• This is because momentum transfer is inversely proportional to cell mass. Collisions increase the speed of light particles.

• Brownian motion’s speed is inversely proportional to the fluid’s viscosity. Brownian motion is faster when the viscosity of the fluid is low.

• The degree of internal friction in a fluid is expressed by its viscosity. It is a measurement of a fluid’s resistance to flow.

Effects of Brownian movement:

• Brownian motion maintains cells in a fluid moving at all times.

• This prevents the cells from settling, resulting in friction solution stability.

• The true solution from the colloid can be found with the use of this motion.

Kinetic theory – Brownian movement:

The existence of atoms is assumed in kinetic theory. The behaviour of gases may be more or less satisfactorily explained using kinetic theory, as we know. The hypothesis is whether this experiment’s agreement is the only reason to believe in the existence of a kinetic theory of matter, or whether there is any direct evidence for the presence of atoms and their unstable motion.

Under the most powerful microscope, the molecules are too small to observe. Attempts to examine atoms and their motions directly have failed. Other data that supports the hypotheses of kinetic theory, on the other hand, must be considered. Experiments by botanist Robert Brown provide one such piece of evidence.

When pollen grains were suspended in a fluid, it was discovered that they moved in a continuous irregular zigzag motion. The Brownian movement of suspended particles was then detected in mastic or gamboz emulsions and minute colloidal particles.

The origins of this movement are the topic of extensive research. It has been proven that there is no movement owing to thermal agitation at mechanical agitation because it lasts for years in underground collars. This is not due to the light used to study the particles under the microscope; the same movement could be seen when the light intensity was reduced by a thousand times.

The extreme zigzag motion of the cells is created by the collision of suspended particles with molecules in the medium in a continuous irregular motion, according to Brownian motion theory. As a result, the mobility of cells reflects the motion of atoms.

Conclusion:

When particles in a fluid are hit by other atoms or molecules, Brownian motion develops, causing them to move randomly. In microscopic particles, low viscosity fluids, and at high temperatures in general, the random motion of a cell can be observed to be strong. These are a few of the variables that affect cell motility in a fluid. The speed of Brownian motion is inversely related to the viscosity of the fluid. When the viscosity of the fluid is low, Brownian motion occurs faster. In kinetic theory, the presence of atoms is assumed. As we all know, kinetic theory can more or less satisfactorily explain the behaviour of gases. The question is whether the agreement of this experiment is the only reason to believe in the existence of a kinetic theory of matter, or whether there is any direct proof for the existence of atoms and their instabilities.