Cells-Cell: Structure and Functions

The cells are considered as tiny packages which are present in every living organism with different structures and functions. The cells are responsible for the whole constituents of the organism. The function of the organism takes place by the different cells of different structures present in the organism. Different cells carry out different functions in the organism in the different parts of the organism. The cells act like the warehouse, power plant, transportation system, and the minute factories which are working on making the organism survive and process their life processes. The different structure of the cell has different functions in the organisms, working on their energy for the organism’s survival.   

Different Structures and Functions of cells

The structure of the cells is far more complex as it was discovered in the early time by scientists. The structure of the cells in an organism is based on the types of organisms. The cells are of different kinds by the cell are characterized in two different types of cells. The Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells are the two distinct types of cells present in the different organisms. The structure of the cell differs but their molecular composition remains the same and the function of the cell is also considered the same. 

Prokaryotic cells 

In prokaryotic cells there are cells with no nucleus within them, there is no nucleus in such organisms. In some of the prokaryotic cells bacteria, there is the genetic material that is freely suspended in the organism known as nucleotide. The organisms with the prokaryotic cells are known as single-cell organisms or microorganisms. The size of the cell is generally 0.1-0.5 micrometers in diameter, the size varies by the type of the organism but the size range remains the same.  

Eukaryotic cells

The cells which have a nucleus in them are known as Eukaryotic cells, mainly present in plants, protozoa and animals. The range of the size of the cell is around 10-100 micrometers in diameter of the different organisms. The organism with the eukaryotic cells has a plasma membrane that helps them to transport the nutrients as well as the electrolyte in the different parts of the organism. These cells reproduce both in the sexually and asexually manner, sexually in animal organisms and asexual are for the plant organisms. 

 Cell Structure 

The cell structures are of different types in the different organisms, with different functions which help in the organism’s life processes. 

Cell membrane

The cell membranes are the cells that are present in the outermost part of the organism which functions in providing support and protecting the different cells. The cell membrane is the one that controls the movement of different substances in and out of different cells in the organism, the cell membrane is also known as the plasma membrane. 

Cell wall

The cell walls are present in the plant’s cell and it is the outermost parts of the cells made up of different things like the cellulose with hemicelluloses and the pectin. The cell wall in the plant protects the plasma membrane in the plane cells as it is the outermost part of the plant cell. 

Nucleus 

The nucleus in the cell mainly consists of different hereditary cells known as the DNA of the organism in the cell. The nucleus’s main function is to send the signal to the different cells to grow and mature, along with that they can divide and die. 

Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is a thick layer with a clear jelly substance present in the cell membrane of the organism. The cytoplasm is the one responsible for the different chemical reactions taking place in the organism. 

Cell organelles

The cell’s organelles are the ones who are working in the development of the organism with the help of various organelles in the cells. The different cell organelles are the chromosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, mitochondria, lysosomes and the chloroplast

Functions of cells 

The cells have different functions in the different processes of the organism; each structure of the cell has its own function. 

• Provide support and structure with the help of membranes in the cell. 
• Help in the growth of the cell for the organism development with the multiplication of the cell by the help of the nucleus. 
• Acts like the transportation system in the organism, for the different substances like the nutrients, electrolyte or the oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
• Production of the energy is made in the organism with the help of cells with the various chemical reactions in the organism.
• Carry out the different chemical reactions in the organism to help the organism to survive
• Help in the reproduction of the cells, for the development of the organisms. 

 Conclusion 

The cell structures are of different types in the different categories of organisms. The organism works with the help of cells present in the organism, the cells of different types within the difference in the structure are seen in the different organisms. The cells of the organisms have different functions including the production of energy as well as the transportation of the essential things for the organism to the different parts of the organism. Each cell of the organism has its own function in the development of the organism.