Growth rate, Gender Rural-Urban Migration

Introduction

The growth rate of the urban area is the rise in the total number of individual lives in distinct urban areas. Urban growth is described as the growth in the urban population percentage over time as the portion of the entire population. The growth rate comes from internal and international migration. This article describes gender as a central factor of developmental change that is Rural-Urban Migration. A perception of the gender on migration efforts stunned the limited devotion waged to the women present in the stock of migration and their involvement.

Internal migration

Internal migration is described as the people’s movement within the boundary of the nation such as within the cities, provinces, states, or municipalities. It is the most pervasive and significant feature of Indian society and economy. The survey of 2011 counted the last residence-based 450 million internal migrants which are 37% of the entire population. Internal migration is categorised into the main two types:

Interregional migration – This type of migration is defined as the movement from one country region to the same country in a different region. It has been from rural areas to urban areas.

Intraregional migration – This type of migration is defined as the movement in the same region of the country. It has been in the urban areas from older to newer cities.

Types and classification of migration

The migration phenomenon understanding and migration classification development must be always based on subjective motivation and objective criteria consideration. The migration classification will be considered as follows:

Geographical classification

This classification considers the distance-based migration phenomenon concerning human geography such as political and administrative organisation. The following types can be described in this classification:

Internal migration– There are different types of internal migration:

•   Rural-Urban Migration
•   Urban-Rural Migration
•   Interurban Migration 
•   Inter-rural Migration

International migration– It describes the movement within different countries. It is divided into different categories:

•   Transoceanic Migration
•   Transcontinental Migration
•   Border migration
•   Neighbour migration
•   Regional migration

Chronological classification

This classification considers the length-based migration phenomenon in the intentional and effective duration.

Intentional duration– A period the individual intends to stay at the origin place. The following types of migration are described in intentional duration:

•   Temporary migration
•   Permanent migration
•   Undetermined migration

Effective duration– A period the individual remains efficiently outside his origin place. The following types of migration are described in effective duration:

•   Temporary migration

o   Contract migration

o   Seasonal migration

o   Pendular migration

•   Permanent migration

Demographic-Economic classification

This classification considers the migrant’s economic and demographic condition-based migration phenomenon. There is the following category of this classification.

The subject of migration– This is classified based on the people’s characteristics who migrate:

•   Individual migration
•   Family migration
•   Massive migration
•   Male Female migration
•   Migration flow
•   Migration stock
•   Migration population

Employment– there are distinct migration categories dependent on the performed work by migrants:

•   Migration of service, industrial, and rural workers
•   Highly skilled migration
•   Brain drain
•   Technology migration
•   Skilled migration
•   Unskilled migration

Legal and Political classification

This classification is described as the administrative-legal system or sending and receiving countries’ migration policy. The following categories are defined as:

•   Free migration– This is not controlled by the concerned country’s government.
•   Managed migration– This is promoted/ organised/ assisted/ regulated/ limited by delivered rules by the concerned country’s government.
•   Authorised migration– This is managed or free that occurs due to immigration and emigration rules delivered by the concerned country’s government.
•   Unauthorized migration– This occurs due to breaking the immigration and emigration rule of the concerned country’s government.

Casual classification

Human mobility’s casual classification is grounded on the motivations, reasons, and causes that have produced it. The following categories are defined as:

Spontaneous or free human mobility– when the movement is dependent on the migrant’s choice. The free migration reasons may be as the:

•   Labour or economic migration
•   Health migration
•   Business migration
•   Study migration 

Forced migration– when the movement is dependent on natural disaster, conflict, deportation, discrimination, and persecution.

•   Displaced person
•   Asylum seeker
•   Exile
•   Refugee
•   Deported

Consequences of Migration

Migration generates both problems and benefits. Consequences can be measured in terms of social, economic, cultural, demographic, and political.

Social consequence

•   Migrants act as social changer agents. The innovative technology-related ideas get subtle from urban to rural areas.

Economic consequence

•   A major profit for the source area is the payment referred by migrants. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab receive most of the amount from international migrants.

Demographic consequence

•   Skill and age selective migration from the rural areas have a contrary consequence on the demographic structure of the rural area.

Conclusion

This article describes the growth rate and gender rural-Urban Migration. The growth rate of the urban is the rise in the total number of individual lives in distinct urban areas. This article describes gender as a central factor of developmental change that is Rural-Urban Migration. Internal migration is described as the people’s movement within the boundary of the nation such as within the cities, provinces, states, or municipalities. The classification of migration is categorised in the geographical, chronological, legal and political, demographic-economic, and casual classification. Migration generates both problems and benefits. Consequences can be measured in terms of social, economic, cultural, demographic, and political.