Introduction

This article will discuss the hydrological disasters, types of hydrological disasters, and causes of the hydrological disasters. These disasters mainly affect Kerala because these disasters are the violent alteration in the water volume in the environment. Particularly, hydrological disasters involve flooding and related activities such as deposition, river scour, and landslides and droughts. This article mainly focuses on the hydrological disaster management and causes of the hydrological disaster.

Hydrological Disasters Definition

Hydrological disasters are extreme and harmful changes to the quality of water on earth or in how water is distributed or moves ashore beneath the surface or in the atmosphere.  It can be triggered through critical climate events like droughts, tornadoes, mudslides, landslides, or floods.  The real example of the hydrological disaster is the 2018 flood in Kerala which is the worst situation in the century and displaced more than 1 million people.

What is  Hydrological Disaster Management?

Hydrological disaster management is spiky, injurious, and brutal alteration either within the worth of water of earth or in movement or water ashore distribution below in environment or surface. Hydrology is categorised into groundwater hydrology, marine hydrology, and surface water hydrology. Domains of hydrology involve surface hydrology, water quality, hydrometeorology, and hydrogeology where water plays the most significant role. 

Type of Hydrological Disasters

Hydrological disasters of several types present public policy and myriad technical issues worldwide and in Kerala are specified as extreme events linked with water movement, distribution, and occurrence. There are mainly three types of hydrological disasters. These are:

•       Floods: A hydrological disaster which is flood refers to the water overflow that immerses normally dry land. A water course such as a lake or river might have unreliable water volume in different periods, but, the overflow of the water is labelled as the flood only when this overflow wraps land that is inhabited or utilised through wildlife or people.  There are several kinds of floods and these are divided according to the flooded area, floodwater source, and factors that trigger the flood.
•       Limnic Eruptions: A very exceptional incident, a lake overturn or limnic outbreak is the hydrological natural tragedy that happens due to the outbreak of carbon dioxide there within the deep waters of the lake in Kerala. The sudden release of gas could produce a massive cloud that chokes all kinds of life, involving humans. The outbreak could also displace the lake’s water, providing rise to tsunamis.
•       Tsunami: It is caused by the dislocation of an enormous quantity of water within the lake or sea.  This type of water dislocation generates a series of high and large waves. Tsunamis are produced due to several reasons such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, explosions underwater, and the calving of glaciers.

Causes of Hydrological Hazards

Hydrological disasters and their effects are linked with demographic trends, climate variability, land-cover change, and many other causal facts and can be frustrated through global climate modification. The primary reason for all hydrological hazards is wind and water.  The high rains were triggered through the depression pitch the Arabian Sea consequential in strong convection over Kerala.

•       Scientists think that it is connected with the change of climate, specifically the enhancement in tremendous rainfall and temperatures.  Global Sea temperatures have increased over the last century and it contributed to an enhancement in the hydrological crisis, also a few of these like hurricanes might be cyclical naturally.
•       Wind systems caused through differential heating between the poles and the equator assisted through the Coriolis team lead to distinct parts of twisters that have irrepressible critical power.
•       Debris and landslides flow are caused through precipitation whereas floods are caused through excessive snowfall which is another part of the flood.
•       Heatwaves are also triggered through motionless high force within the environment which stays up awake for several weeks, thereby catching the heat except all to its lift.

Conclusion

This article describes the hydrological disaster in Kerala and the causes of hydrological disasters in Kerala. Hydrological disasters are the most violent climate change which impacts the environment and life of people.  This article included the types of hydrological disasters such as floods, limnic eruptions, and Tsunami. Hydrological hazards happen due to wind and water significantly.  This article gives a brief description of hydrological hazards and the causes of their occurrence in Kerala.