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The government of any country makes laws at various levels of the organisation. The Union, the Central Government, or the State Government could be the organisation. Local municipal councils can also enact some laws at the provincial level. The Indian Parliament uses legislative acts to legislate. In India, draft legislation is only incorporated into the Constitution once approved by Parliament. The Parliament introduces several types of legislation.
Bills: The law needs to pass through two legislative houses of the Parliament to be considered for passage at the Union level.
Types of Bills in Indian Parliament
In India’s Parliament, four basic types of bills are passed. They can be categorised as follows:
Ordinary Bills:
According to Articles 107 and 108 of the Indian Constitution, ordinary bills deal with any subject other than financial matters. Ordinary legislation is introduced in either the House of Commons or the House of Lords. This measure is introduced by a Minister or a Private Member of Parliament. In the case of a regular bill, the President does not make any recommendations. Ordinary legislation is subject to amendment or rejection by Rajya Sabha, and they are frequently postponed for six months. After being passed by both houses of Parliament, it is given to the President for his authorisation or consent under Article 111 of the Indian Constitution. There appears to be a chance for a joint sitting in the case of an ordinary bill.
Money Bills:
Article 110(1) of the Indian Constitution defines these bills as bills dealing with money concerns. Any provision dealing with the imposition, abolition, remission, adjustment, regulation, or adjustment of any tax, any matters connected to the Consolidated Funds, or the imposition of fines and the like is considered a Money Bill according to this Article. Everything that the Speaker of the House certifies becomes the final judgement and cannot be altered or questioned in the case of a Money Bill. This Bill, however, can only be submitted in the Lower House or Lok Sabha with the President’s prior approval.
The Finance Bill:
It encompasses all subjects that do not fall under the purview of the Money Bill. They are in charge of revenue and expenditure issues. There are three types of finance bills:
Article 110 (Money Bills)(1).
Article 117(1) of the Finance Bill [I]: They can only be introduced in the Lower House of Parliament, the Lok Sabha, and only on the President of India’s prior approval.
Bill on Finance Article 117(3) of the Finance Bill [II]: They can be introduced in any House of Parliament, whether the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha, and do not require the President of India’s approval before being tabled. Both houses have equal authority to change or reject the Bill.
Constitutional Amendment Bills: The Constitution grants Parliament the power to amend the Bills, allowing it to change the Constitution. These can be introduced in both the Houses of parliament. The power to introduce it is vested in the proviso of Article 368(2) of the Constitution, not in state legislatures. A Minister or a member can introduce these bills that do not require the President’s approval. Bills to modify the Constitution are divided into three categories:
Bills that require a simple majority in Parliament must pass.
Bills that require a special majority in Parliament to pass.
Bills must be passed by a special majority in Parliament and ratified by at least half of the state legislatures.
Conclusion
As a result, a bill is only a proposal before it becomes a Parliamentary Act. The bill must fulfil the different steps outlined above to become an Act of Parliament. As a result, it became national law. So, in the above article, we have got to know that there are four types of bills: Ordinary Bills, Money Bills, The Finance Bill, and Constitutional Amendment Bills, and we even understood how the bills are passed and all about that.
