Magnetic Effect of electric current

The magnetic field is the effect of the force around a magnet. A compass or any other magnet can detect the force produced by a magnet in the magnetic field. 

Magnetic field lines represent the magnetic field. The field line or field line of a magnet refers to the imaginary lines of the magnetic field that surround a magnet. Allowing iron fillings to settle around a bar magnet causes them to form a pattern that resembles magnetic field lines. A compass may also be used to determine a magnet’s field line. A magnetic field is a vector quantity, which means that it has both a direction and a magnitude. 

A magnetic field is created by current flowing via a conductor. When a magnet is put in the vicinity of a conductor, it is noticed that the magnetic field exerts a force on it. Andre Marie Ampere, a French physicist, was the first to identify this occurrence. He also claimed that the conductor is subjected to an equal and opposite force from the magnet. When the current through the conductor is reversed, the direction of the force produced on the item is reversed as well. It was also discovered that the displacement is greatest when the current direction is perpendicular to the magnetic field. A simple rule may be used to determine the conductor’s force. 

Fields of magnetism 

Magnetic fields refer to the region around a magnet where the magnet’s impact may be felt. Magnetic lines of force represent the magnetic field, as well as its field and direction. Bar magnets, magnetic needles and magnetic compass are all examples of manufactured magnets. 

Magnetic field lines exhibit a variety of properties. Below is a list of them. 

• At the north pole, the magnetic field emerges and at the south pole, it merges. The field lines, on the other hand, travel from the north pole to the south pole within the magnet. 
• Closed curves make up the magnetic field lines. 
• The magnetic field’s relative intensity is determined by the degree of proximity of the field lines. The magnetic field lines do not cross each other (the more packed the lines, the stronger the field). 

Current flowing via a straight conductor produces a magnetic field. 

A magnetic field in the shape of concentric rings surrounds a current-carrying straight wire. Magnetic field lines depict the magnetic field of a current-carrying straight wire. 

The flow of electric current determines the direction of the magnetic field via a current-carrying conductor. When the direction of the electric current changes, the direction of the magnetic field reverses. 

Allow an electric current to flow from south to north via a current-carrying conductor hung vertically. The magnetic field will rotate anticlockwise in this situation. The magnetic field will be clockwise if the current is traveling from north to south. 

Thumb Rule for the Right Hand 

The Right-Hand Thumb Rule may be used to show the direction of the magnetic field with the direction of electric current via a straight conductor. Maxwell’s Corkscrew Rule is another name for it. 

The Corkscrew Rule of Maxwell

If the direction of forwarding movement of the screw reveals the direction of the current, then the direction of rotation of the screw displays the direction of the magnetic field, according to Maxwell’s Corkscrew Rule. 

Magnetic field properties 

• The magnitude of the magnetic field rises as the electric current increases and decreases as the electric current drops. 
• With increasing distance, the amount of the magnetic field produced by electric current decreases and vice versa. The radius of concentric circles of magnetic field lines becomes larger as you go farther away from the conductor, indicating that the magnetic field weakens. 
• Magnetic field lines run parallel to each other at all times. 
• There are no field lines that intersect one another. 

Clock Face Rule

With a rise in electric current, the magnitude of the magnetic field increases and with a drop in electric current, it decreases. 

With increasing distance, the amount of the magnetic field created by electric current decreases and vice versa. The radius of concentric rings of magnetic field lines becomes larger as you go further away from the conductor, indicating that the magnetic field weakens. Magnetic field lines run parallel to one another at all times. There are no crossovers between field lines. 

Number of coil turns and magnetic field

The magnitude of the magnetic field is added up as the number of coils turns increases. The magnitude of the magnetic field will be ‘n’ times that of a single turn of coil if there are ‘n’ turns of the coil. 

The magnetic field strength at the loop’s center (coil) is determined by: 

(i) The coil’s diameter: The magnetic field’s intensity is inversely proportional to the coil’s radius. The magnetic strength at the center falls as the radius grows. 

(ii) The coil’s number of turns: Because the current in each circular turn has the same direction, the magnetic strength at the center grows as the number of turns in the coil increases, because the field due to each round adds up. 

(iii) The amount of electricity passing through the coil. : The strength of the three magnetic fields grows as the current intensity increases. 

A current in a solenoid produces a magnetic field: The coil with numerous circular turns of insulated copper wire wrapped tightly in the form of a cylinder is known as a solenoid. A current-carrying solenoid creates a magnetic field pattern that is similar to that of a bar magnet. 

Electromagnet: A large coil of insulated copper wire wrapped around a soft iron makes up an electromagnet. Electromagnets are magnets that are created by creating a magnetic field within a solenoid. 

Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule 

The Right Hand Rule of Fleming may be used to explain electromagnetic induction. When the index (fore ginger) finger, middle finger and thumb are all in mutually perpendicular directions on the right hand, the thumb indicates the direction of induced current in the conductor. Three mutually perpendicular axes, namely the x, y and z axes, may be used to compare the directions of conductor movement, magnetic field and induced current. 

In a solenoid, the current creates a magnetic field. 

A solenoid is a coil comprising numerous circular turns of insulated copper wire wound together in a cylindrical form. When current is applied to the solenoid, it begins to behave like a bar magnet, with one end acting as a north pole and the other as a south pole. Because the magnetic field lines within the solenoid are in the shape of straight lines, the field inside the solenoid is uniform. By inserting a piece of magnetic material within the coil, the solenoid may also magnetize it. An electromagnet is created as a result of this procedure. 

Electric Generator 

Let’s have a look at how an electric generator is built and how it works: 

• A mechanical generator turns mechanical energy into electrical energy. 
• An electric generator is structurally similar to an electric motor. An armature is positioned in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet in an electric generator. 
• The armature is movable around the axle and is connected to the wire. When the armature moves inside the electric field, it creates an electric field. 
• The direction of the generated current changes as it reaches the halfway point of its spin. The generator creates AC because the direction of the current changes once per cycle. 
• A split ring commutator aids in the conversion of AC generators to DC generators, resulting in the production of direct current. 

Conclusion

The imaginary lines of magnetic field that surround a magnet are referred to as the field line or the field line of a magnet, respectively. After being allowed to settle around a bar magnet for a period of time, iron filings form an arrangement that closely resembles the magnetic field lines. A compass may also be used to identify the magnetic field line of a magnet. Unlike other quantities, the magnetic field is a vector quantity, meaning it has both a direction and a magnitude. In the vicinity of a current-carrying straight conductor, there is a magnetic field in the shape of concentric rings. Magnetic field lines may be used to represent the magnetic field of a current-carrying straight wire. 

The direction of the magnetic field that flows through a current carrying conductor is determined by the direction of the electric current that flows through the conductor.