Electric Charge and Properties

In the physics subject, a charged particle is a kind of particle that has an electric charge in it. It can be any ion like a type of molecule and an atom. There can also be any other type of elementary particle like protons or electrons which usually have the same kind of charge. It can also be another charged particle that can be an atomic nucleus which is empty electrons like alpha particles.

There are two types of charges which are positive and negative. Only these two exist and are well known in the field of physics. There are no specific characteristics of the positive charge that makes them positive and vice versa.

Electric Charge

The electric charge happens when the no. of protons varies from the no. of electrons surrounding the nucleus. If in case the no. of electrons is more than protons the atom gets a negative charge. If the no. of electrons is less than the protons the atom gets the positive charge. It is present in everything and everywhere. It is an example of a temporary electric charge.

These are some of the physical properties of the electric charge which shows the negative and positive charge when in contact with the protons and electrons. Basically, only two types of electric charges are there which are as follows.

Positive charge

When there is a charge of +1.6 × 10-19 coulomb it is known to be a positive charge or protons. The field line in the positive charges emerges from within and goes up to infinity (without any limit).

Negative charge

In the negative charges, there is a charge of -1.6 × 10-19 coulomb. It is also known as the electrons. In the negative charges, the field lines come from infinity.

The rate at which electric charge changes is called an electric current, which is equal to

I = q/t

Some of the properties (Electric Charge)

The electric charge is as small as the point charge.  Point charges are very small, smaller than the distance between them. Some of the properties of the electric charge.

Following are the basic properties of the electric charges.

Additivity of the electric charges 

If we consider the electric charges as point charges, they become scalar in nature. The most important part is the point charges. With this, they can still be negative charges and positive charges. According to the additive property of the electric charges, if there are few no. charges present inside it, the total number of charges will be the arithmetical sum of the single charge.

Q = q1+ q2+ q3+….. qn

Conservation of charges

According to the concept of conservation of charges, it says that charges can neither be created nor be destroyed, as they are transferred from one body to another but cannot be destroyed or created by anyone. Charges are always protected in the isolated system.

Quantization of Charges

Quantization of the electric charges, it is defined as the most important multiplier of the charge that is present in them. Therefore, in any system, the charge will be,

Q = ne

Here,

n = Integer numbers

e = value of the charge (1.6× 10-19 C)

There are a few other properties of the electric charge

Some of them are:

• The electric charge is considered as a scalar quantity.
• Charge transfers from one body to another body and is considered transferable.
• There are different qualities of every charge and different charges attract each other.
• The electric charges are always related to the mass.

Conclusion

At last, this can be concluded that charged particles are those particles that have an electric charge. Sometimes, there are more electrons or protons in the atom, there is no such fixed number in that. There are different properties of the electric charges like in according to additive properties if there is less no. of charges the total no of charges will be the sum of arithmetical charges. Similarly, if we see another property that is conservation of the charges, the charges are always protected in the isolated system.

In quantization of the charges, they act as a multiplier of the charges. So different properties show different meanings as there are multiple properties with it. Apart from this, there are a few other basic properties like electric charges that are relatable with mass, it is considered as the scalar quantity and charges transfer from one body to another body.