Q. Consider the following assertion:
The genesis of political alliances based on community lay in the very nature of the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms, 1919.
Which of the following statements support/supports the above assertion?
1. Reforms retained and extended the principle of separate electorates.
2. Separate electorates were supposed to counter Indian nationalism, which was growing stronger.
3. Deprived classes rallied around the favours inherent in separate electorates.
Select the answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer : C/D
Explanation:
Statement I supports the assertion: The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Government of India Act, 1919) not only retained separate electorates for Muslims but extended them to Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, and Europeans. This structural inclusion forced political mobilization to happen along narrow, identity-based communal lines rather than programmatic national platforms.
Statement II supports the assertion: The colonial administration explicitly used separate electorates as a political counterweight to check the rising tide of unified Indian nationalism. By partitioning the electorate into watertight communal compartments, the British policy fostered competitive communalism, encouraging communities to form distinct political alliances to protect their exclusive interests.
Statement III supports the assertion: Separate electorates incentivized every deprived group to mobilize along communal lines to claim similar concessions, cementing community as the fundamental unit of political alliance—which was inherent in the very design of the 1919 Reforms.
The Notification for the Civil Services Examination, 2021 was released by the Commission on March 04, 2021. The notification contains all the details related to the examination dates, number of vacancies, eligibility criteria, syllabus, application process, fee, exam centers etc. The exam is being conducted to fill in 712 vacancies as listed in the notification with 22 vacancies reserved for Persons with Benchmark Disability. The Preliminary examination will be held on October 10 2021. Candidates can visit the Commission’s website to fill the application form. Detailed instructions for filling up online applications have been provided on the website. The application window was closed on March 24 2021. The admit cards for the Preliminary Examination were made available from September 16 2021. The admit cards can be downloaded from the Commission’s website on the above mentioned link.
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