INTRODUCTION: 

Arithmetic reasoning is the Logically solved questions related to the mathematical and numerical field. These questions are tests of the human ability of critical thinking, intuition, troubleshooting, decision making, etc. Arithmetic reasoning is divided into a number of chapters like puzzle, analogy, inequality, Venn diagram, series, etc. The question related to arithmetic reasoning can be solved by having proper knowledge of every concept as well as having a frequent practicing schedule. There are a number of practice sets, mock tests, and quizzes available for refining the human capability of logical and rational thinking. These are the most widely asked questions in almost every competitive exam.

WHAT IS REASONING? 

Reasoning is termed as the human ability to make decisions, find a solution, evaluate, etc. The reasoning can be formalized in different fields, which include mathematics, artificial intelligence, sequencing, logic, etc. The basic principle of solving equations or questions based on reasoning depends upon logical and rational thinking. The reasoning is the test of human decision making, educational guess, learning, knowledge perceiving, mental state, optimism, etc. There are basically seven types of reasoning,

  1. Deductive reasoning: Deductive reasoning basically depends upon proving a theory’s authenticity. It is done by thinking and solving the problems logically.
  2. Inductive reasoning: Inductive reasoning is also termed the bottom-up logic in which the theories are provided, which need to be explained. Inductive reasoning is an explanatory test of a human capability.
  3. Abductive reasoning: Objective reasoning is the human ability to test the context of uncertainty. It focuses on the decision-making skills of an individual.
  4. Backward induction: Backward induction is seen in the field of artificial intelligence,e chess-playing, etc. It works as the end to starting explanatory theory skills. 
  5. Critical thinking: Critical thinking is the test of the human ability to think rationally and find out a conclusion on the basis of the information given, thorough observations, etc.
  6. Counterfactual thinking: Counterfactual Thinking is also a decision-making skill test, which basically depends upon the things that have been done in the past.
  7. Intuition: Intuition is said to be the scale of a human capability to perceive things as they are by understanding the given information.

ARITHMETIC REASONING:

Arithmetic and reasoning are quite related to each other. The reasoning is the test of the ability of human skills of solving problems, decision making, critical thinking, etc. On the other hand, arithmetic is basically the problems related to the mathematical fields, which also requires a human skill to find out the solution logically and rationally. Arithmetic reasoning is dependent upon mathematical formulas, which requires some numeric calculations. The basic principle of solving arithmetic reasoning questions depends mostly upon the human capacity as well as on the frequency of practice and knowledge. A number of topics are covered under arithmetic reasoning, which includes puzzles, Venn diagrams, analogy, sequencing, etc.

TYPES OF ARITHMETIC REASONING:

Arithmetic reasoning is the test of human capability to solve problems that are of mathematical and numeric nature. There are a number of topics that are categorised under arithmetic reasoning. Some of them are:

  1. Puzzle: The topic of puzzles and arithmetic reasoning requires a human to select the information that is required and find the odd one out, i.e., the information that is not important.
  2. Analogy: In the analogy section, an individual needs to find the analogous pattern of a given word or sentence.
  3. Series:  Most of the arithmetic reasoning questions are related to series. In the series section, a sequence of numbers will be provided in which the solution, i.e., the missing number or the wrong number needs to be identified. The problems related to series are solved by analysing the pattern of the given sequence.
  4. Venn Diagram: Venn Diagram is the test of human ability to represent the differences between two given groups in a single figure. The relationships in the vein diagram are represented in the form of sets.
  5. Inequality: The arithmetic and reasoning questions based upon inequality require an individual to have the knowledge of the mathematical signs, like, greater than, lesser than, equal to, either less than or equal to, etc.

ARITHMETIC REASONING EXAMPLES:

Some of the arithmetic reasoning examples are, 

  1. 71:42 ::98: ?

Here, the pattern is, 

71-29=42

Therefore, 98-29=69

Hence, the series will be 71:42::98:69

  1. 3, 6, 11, 18, 27, ?, 51

The pattern is given as,

3+3=6

6+5=11

11+7=18

18+9=27

27+11=38

38+13=51

Hence, the series will be, 3, 6, 11, 18, 27, 38, 51.

CONCLUSION:

Arithmetic reasoning is the most widely asked question in a competitive exam. The question related to arithmetic reasoning is quite important as it is the test of human skill and capability of decision making, critical thinking, troubleshooting, etc. The questions related to reasoning can be solved only if an individual has proper knowledge of all the concepts. In order to solve these questions, the knowledge of graphical representation is a must. Moreover, practising mock tests and several quizzes is quite useful in solving questions of the arithmetic reasoning section. Arithmetic reasoning is categorised into a number of chapters that require frequent practice.