High Courts are present in almost every state of India. For some small states, high courts are present together. These states are under the jurisdiction of one high court as their territory is merged. Only one union territory that is Delhi has a separate high court. As there is a merging of territory and they are under one high court so there are 25 high courts despite having 29 states in India. There were 24 high courts before the high court was built in Amaravati in the year 2019. The first high court was built in Calcutta on 2/7/1862, in the same year on 14th and 15th August high court was built in Bombay and Madras.

Composition

The state’s Judiciary consists of i.e. the composition of state judiciary includes all the courts of a country at different levels. It consists of the High Court, Supreme Court of the entire nation, District Court, and the courts at the local level. The judges of the high court and Supreme Court are chosen by the Indian president. Supreme Court is the topmost court in a country. The judicial administration in a country is controlled by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court resolves the problems or disputes between two or more states, between citizens and government, and also between the union government and the state. The Indian judiciary is not required to follow the rules and laws of the executive and the legislature, this is why the Supreme Court is known for being independent. The judges of the Supreme Court are not required to follow the direction of the government or the ruling party. Firstly, the composition of state judiciary includes the Supreme Court, which is known as the topmost court in India. The chief justice of India is the top authority of the Supreme Court. By Articles 124 to 147 of the Constitution, the authority and composition of the court were laid.

 The high court ‘s composition is a Chief Justice (who is appointed by President) by consulting the Governor of the state and the chief justice of India, the chief justice of the high court is the head of the high court. The constitution of India does not fix the number of judges in the High Court and the decision is left at the discretion of the president. The state judiciary composition ratio is 18 judges per one million people.

The composition of state judiciary includes –

  • The Supreme Court of India –The Supreme Court is the Topmost court in India; it is the last appellate court of India. . By the Articles 124 to 147 of the Constitution, the authority and composition of the court were laid. Under Article 322, the High Court recognizes Witten’s application in the cases of serious violations of human rights.
  • The High Court – The High Court has control over a group of states and Union territories, a union territory and a state. Under the high court, there are several subordinate courts like criminal courts, civil courts, family courts, and various other district courts. The judges are appointed by the  High Court. In a state, the High Court is the main civil court of original jurisdiction.
  • District Court – District court is built in every district by the state government of India according to the population of the district. District courts have authority over all the subordinate courts present in a district, like the civil court, family court, criminal court, etc. The judges of the district court are appointed by the governor with the consultation of the chief justice of a high court.

Appointment of Judges in the High Court

The President officially appoints the judges of the High Court and the chief justice of the High Court. By consulting with the Governor of the state and Chief Justice of India, the President appoints the chief justice of high court. For appointing the other judges of the High Court, the president consults with the Chief justice of India, the Chief Justice of the High court, and the governor of the state. 

Qualification for becoming a High Court Judge

  • Should be an Indian citizen,
  • Should be an advocate in the high court for 10 years in succession,
  • Should hold a judicial office for a minimum of 10 years.

Conclusion

It is to conclude that the composition of the state judiciary includes all the courts of a country at different levels. It consists of the High Court, Supreme Court of the entire nation, District Court, and the courts at the local level. The high court ‘s composition is a Chief Justice (who is appointed by President) by consulting the Governor of the state and the chief justice of India, the chief justice of the high court is the head of the high court.