Sex is healthy and should be enjoyable; however, it can also be dangerous. Protection is needed to be used whenever you have sex to prevent pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and HIV. STIs are usually transmitted through the mouth, vagina, or anus sex and in some cases by contact blood from an infected person.

Measures for birth control:

Different birth control methods help in controlling childbirth. These are:

1.Hormonal methods of birth control:

These methods help in changing the hormonal levels in the human body. There are different types of methods under this type of birth control method:

a)Birth control pill:

• The pill is taken once a day.
• Most commonly there are 28-day packages (21 days hormones and the seventh memorial days) or 21-day packets (21 days of hormones), but continue pill dosage is also available.
• Contains the female hormone progesterone as well as just oestrogen or progesterone (for women not able to take oestrogen).
• Prevents ovaries from ovulating.
• It changes the lining of the uterus and makes it difficult for the egg to stick to the wall uterus.
• It thickens the cervical mucus and makes it thicker. It is difficult for sperm to enter the uterus.

Advantages:

• 91% to 99.7% performance
•  Menstrual periods can be shorter in length as well light flow and slight congestion
•  Controls the times
•  It may reduce the risk of other cancers reproductive system
•  It may be better for acne
•  Allows automatic sex
•  It is easily backward

Disadvantages:

• It should be taken at about the same time every day maintaining a stable level of hormones in the body
• There may be side effects (severe headache, excessive bleeding during menstruation, breast tenderness, stomach upset, etc.)
• Women with certain conditions may not be able to take the pill because of the increased risk of bleeding.

b)Transdermal patch:

• The patch is 4 cm square polyester containing female hormones oestrogen as well progesterone.
• Placed on upper arm, hips, abdomen – not the breast.
• Hormones are absorbed on the skin.
• It prevents the ovary from releasing an egg (ovulation).
• It thickens the cervical mucus and makes it thicker; it is difficult for sperm to enter the uterus.
• It changes the lining of the uterus and makes it difficult for the egg to stick to the wall uterus.
• The episode is changed weekly every three weeks.
• By the fourth week, you are not wearing the pool either, and you will have your normal time.

Advantages:

• 91% to 99.7% performance
• Menstrual periods can be shorter in length as well light flow and slight congestion
• Controls the times
• It may reduce the risk of other cancer reproductive system
• The risk of stomach upset is less likely
• It may be better for acne
• Allows automatic sex
• It is easily backward
• You do not need to remember to take the pill every day

Disadvantages:

• There is no protection against STIs
• It may not work well for overweight women over 198lbs.
• Potential skin irritation where the clip is placed
• You must remember to change the patch as instructed to work properly
• There may be side effects (tenderness of the breast, stomach upset, menstrual bleeding, headache)
• Less chance of an episode loosening
• Can be seen by others, depending on where it is worn
• Women with certain conditions may not be able to use the pool due to increased blood risk.

c)Injection method:

• The injection contains only the female hormone progesterone.
• The injection should be repeated every 12 days weeks by your healthcare provider.
• Prevents ovaries from ovulating.
• It thickens the cervical mucus and makes it thicker; it is difficult for sperm to enter the uterus.

Advantages:

• 94% to 99.8% active
• Each injection lasts 12 weeks
• It works faster when you get your first injection within the first five days of the normal period
• Only you know that you are using this method
• Allows automatic sex
• Times may be shorter in length and simplified by flow or you may not have normal time
• Can be used by women who cannot use oestrogen
• You do not need to remember to take the pill every day

Disadvantages:

• Adverse effects may include menstrual changes bleeding patterns, weight gain, breast compassion, mood swings, headaches
• Slow return of fertility – not recommended if planning a next pregnancy two years
• Side effects can last for six to eight months after the last injection

2.Barrier methods:

a)Condoms:

• A thin bag usually made of latex
• Also available in polyurethane
• Cover the dry penis
• Prevents sperm from mixing with the egg
• Can be used with water-based lubricant
• It can be used with other methods of contraception to increase efficiency

  Advantages:

• 82% to 98% effective
• Helps prevent pregnancy
• Helps prevent sexually transmitted infections
• Available in a variety of places
• There is no need to see a doctor or health care provider
• Both partners can buy and carry condoms

Disadvantages:

• Can only be used once
• You need to insert the condom correctly before any sexual intercourse occurs
• Spermicides in condoms or latex sensitivity are possible cause irritation to the skin
• It may break or slip if not used properly
• New condoms or jokes are not intended to be made to protect yourself from STIs

b)Spermicides:

• Chemicals that kill sperm or make sperm unable to go to the egg
• It comes in many different forms, including foam, gel, and film
• All methods are inserted into the vagina beforehand to have sex
• Read the instructions for each method before using it as installation times may vary
• Can be used alone or with other methods of contraception ways to increase efficiency

Advantages

• 72% to 82% effective when used alone, without condoms
• There is no need to see a doctor or health care provider
• Available in the pharmacy section at most stores once at sex clinics
• The spermicide may act as a lubricant

Disadvantages:

• Irritation may be caused due to spermicides.

3.Intrauterine birth control:

These are small, plastic items that will be inserted into the uterus. The process is simple and quick, though not a bit daunting. Once erect, the IUD will protect you from pregnancy for a long time.

IUDs use good hormones for 3-5 years depending on what type you get. The copper-T version – which uses copper, a natural spermicide – is good for 10 years. IUDs are about 99% effective in preventing pregnancy.

4.Surgical methods of birth control:

These are helpful in blocking the gametes transport and preventing pregnancy. These are of two types:

a)Vasectomy – It is for male sterilisation. Vas deferens is removed in a small portion.

b)Tubectomy – This is for females. Fallopian tube is tied up through an incision in vagina or a small part of it is removed.

Conclusion:

Control of birth is also known as contraception, which prevents pregnancy. These methods work in many different ways:

• Prevent sperm from entering the eggs. This can be done by taking precautions by using condoms, cervical caps, diaphragms, and contraceptive sponges.
• Keeping the ovaries from releasing fertilised eggs. Types include birth control pills, patches, shots, vaginal rings, and emergency contraceptive pills.
• IUDs, tools inserted into the uterus. He can be kept in place for several years.
• Contraception permanently prevents a person from becoming pregnant or from being able to conceive another person.