Urban Centres are increasing in India daily, with full support for possibilities and a high standard of living. However, as urban centres accelerate, it creates obstacles to balanced, fair, and inclusive growth. People learn about each other’s cultures and share knowledge, which helps break down the boundaries that previously existed between people. In reality, societal structures are dispersing, such as family structures transitioning from joint to nuclear.
There are two major types of society, Civil society and Modern society.
Civil society is an important aspect of the democratic process, which provides an environment that we can use to enhance our decision-making quality. This is the most important aspect of society. They consist of groups and organisations for the goodwill of people.
Modern society is the type of society that is less developed in comparison to civil society. The process of Modern society is activated in societies by activating communication at the international or intersocietal level.
Modern society refers to the improvement in humans, such as health, education, safety, work and standard of living. Modern society is divided into many categories such as social, psychological, demographic, cultural, economic, intellectual, etc.
Modernity is different from traditionalism, and modern society is very different from traditional society. Modern society includes secularisation, which refers to a society free from religious orthodoxy. The decline of religion depends on the person, but modernisation teaches to respect all religions. Modernisation aims at political transformation, social, economically developed society.
Urban Centres are occurring rapidly recently. The first urban Centre that reached a population of around one million was in the city of London in 1810 A.D. In 1800, only 3% of the global population lived in cities.
Industrialisation: One of the principal drivers of urbanisation is industrialisation. Individuals from backward districts have moved to metropolitan areas looking for better work possibilities.
Social Reasons: Many social aspects, like metropolitan areas’ attractions, better living, more fundamental freedoms, and the desire for individualistic pursuits, urge people to move to cities.
Business Opportunities: In the rural area, people depend largely upon agriculture for survival. Agriculture is dependent on rain for harvest in India. People want to join a different profession and move to cities for new opportunities.
Modernisation: Large highways, access to communication, better health conditions attract people from the rural areas towards cities. People know that they can live a better life in the city compared to their villages.
The early urban towns were centres of trade, defence, religious importance, industry, and administration. But, now, the significance of religion and defence evolving functions have declined generally.
Some of the effects of urbanisation:
Overpopulation Issue
Increased cost for essential items
Growing Crime Rates
People come to Urban Centres in search of work and civic amenities. Because most Urban Centres in underdeveloped nations are unplanned, there is a lot of traffic. Housing shortages, vertical expansion, and the emergence of slums are all characteristics of contemporary cities in developing countries. A growing part of the population in many urban centres lives in poor housing, such as slums and squatter colonies. For example, in most of India’s million-plus cities, one in every four lives in illegal colonies, which are developing twice as fast as the rest of the metropolis. Even in Asia Pacific nations, squatter colonies house almost 60 per cent of the urban population.
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