Human evolution is always a topic of controversy. The study of genomes and the organisation of fossils help scientists conclude humans’ origin. Different scientists have different theories regarding it. However, the most accepted theory is “out of Africa”. According to this theory, Homo sapiens originated in Africa 200,000 years ago. Then, they start migrating to different parts of the world. Another model that explains the origin of Human Beings is the “multiregional model”. It is believed that humans began to migrate from Africa to other countries such as Europe and Asia. They adapt themselves according to their migrated geographical region, due to which there is significant variability among the same species of Homo sapiens in different parts of the world.
The Multiregional model is also famous as the Regional Continuity model. This model states that the early humans, after leaving Africa, formed several regional groups surrounding the areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Now, humans settle in these regions and adapt accordingly to their climatic conditions. As a result, interbreeding happened between the different regional populations. However, due to adaptations, humans from different areas develop certain specific characters complementary to their geographic regions.
As already stated, this model is the most accepted model of human evolution. It is popular by different names such as The Garden of Eden hypothesis and the Noah’s Ark hypothesis. According to this model, Humans originated 200,000 years ago from Africa from single ancestors, i.e. hominids. Homo sapiens evolved from their ancestors and migrated to the Middle Eastern region 100,000 years ago. Adaptation is necessary for the survival of the species. Therefore, humans had to adapt to their migrated geographical region to survive. This adaptation leads to different physical characteristics among humans of different regions. Due to their well-adaptive nature, Homo sapiens replaced all other species of the genus Homo.
The evidence that supports the Out of Africa hypothesis is as follows:
Humans started migrating from the African continent to different parts of the world (especially in Europe and Asia) between 70,000 and 10,000 years ago. It is believed that Homo sapiens reached Africa approximately 65,000 years ago.
The climate of Africa was much warmer than the climates where the Human species migrated. To adapt to such colder climates, they hunt animals for their skins and make clothing out of them. Moreover, they lit fires to keep them warm. They develop basic weapons such as spears and bows and arrows for hunting. They can even kill larger animals with these basic weapons, such as mammoths. They also learnt the idea of self-defence from the predator animals by killing them. They started using their available resources and formed semi-permanent settlements. They were no more completely nomadic. However, they migrate in search of food and other resources necessary for living.
The discussion of the History of African ancestors of Human beings tells us that the most accepted origin of the species of Homo sapiens is the native of Africa. The theory or the hypothesis is famous as the “Out of Africa” theory. According to this, Humans originated 200,000 years ago from Africa from single ancestors, i.e. hominids. The Homo sapiens evolved from their ancestors and then migrated to the Middle Eastern region 100,000 years ago. The land bridge created due to the Pleistocene Ice Age helped them migrate to North America. They started to adapt to their present geographical region, due to which there is significant variability among Humans of different locations. Several pieces of evidence support this theory, as stated above.
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