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Tissues are a group of cells performing common functions. 
Plant tissues are different from animal tissues because of their functions.
A group of organs performing a common function form an organ system.

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Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems: UPSC CSE

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Tissue is a group of cells performing common functions. These cells are similar in origin and similar structure. 
Plant tissues are different from animal tissues. 
Plant tissues are mainly classified into Meristematic tissue and permanent tissue.

Plant Tissues

Sclerenchyma is a supporting tissu e. The cells of this tissue lose protoplasm at maturity and turn into elastic fibres or hard shells.
Epidermal tissue forms the outermost covering of plants and does various functions. 
Xylem and Phloem are compound permanent tissues which help in the conduction of water and food in the plants.

Plant Tissues - Simple Permanent Tissues

Animal tissues are of four types. They are epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, connective tissue and nervous tissue.

Animal Tissues

Connective tissue consists of bone,cartilage, areola tissue, reticular tissue, tendons, ligaments, blood and the lymph.

The Nervous tissue consists of brain, spinal cord and the nerves. Nervous system controls and coordinates the body activities.

Animal Tissues 2

Human nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and the nerves. Brain is divided into forebrain, midbrain and the hindbrain.
Spinal cord controls reflex actions.

Organs and Organ Systems

Brain is protected by the skull. Apart from the skull, brain is also protected by three membranes called meninges. There is a fluid which flows between these meninges called the Cerebro Spinal Fluid(CSF).
Brain is divided into forebrain, midbrain and the hindbrain.

Brain.

Spinal cord controls reflex actions. A sudden response given to an external stimulus is called a reflex action. 
Path travelled by a reflex action is called the reflex arc.

Spinal cord.

The glands which donot have ducts of their own are called Endocrine Glands or ductless glands.
The secretion of endocrine glands are called hormones. 
A very important endocrine glands is the pituitary gland present in the brain.  It regulates height of a person.

Endocrine Glands.

Thyroid gland produces thyroxin which regulates metabolism. 
Parathyroid gland secretes parathormone which regulates calcium salts in the bones.
Pancreas produce insulin and glucagon which regulate sugar level in the blood.

Endocrine Glands 2.

Plants donot have nervous system unlike the animals,but they respond to certain stimuli like light,gravity, touch etc.
The growth of plants is regulated at every stage by hormones also known as phytohormones.
Auxins, gibberllins,cytokinins and abscisic acid are the common plant hormones.

Plant Hormones.

Nutrition refers to taking in of food by the  living organisms. Since food is the  source of energy, every organism needs food. 
There are two types of nutrition- aututrophic nutrition and hetertrophic nutrition.

Nutrition.

Holozoic nutrition is the most common mode of nutrition observed in animals. 
In this mode, complex food is converted into simpler forms. 
There are five steps in heterotrophic nutrition. They are:
Ingestion
Digestion 
Absorption 
Assimilation 
Egestion.

Heterotrophic nutrition.

Nutrition in man begins in the mouth. Mouth has tongue and teeth which help in chewing the food. During chewing food gets mixed with saliva. Saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase which acts on the starch and converts it into maltose, a simpler sugar. This process of chewing is called mastication. 
From the mouth food enters the stomach through the oesophagus by a process called peristalsis.

Nutrition in man.

As the food enters the small intestine, it is acted upon by various enzymes produced by the pancreas and the small intestine. Different enzymes produced are amylases, proteases, lipases and nucleases. 
Amylases act on carbohydrates. 
Proteases act on proteins 
Lipases act on lipids/fats.

Nutrition in man-2

The wastes produced in the small intestine are passed on to the large intestine. Excess of water is absorbed from the undigested food in the large intestine. It's bulk is increased by the fibre in our diet.  This waste now called as the faeces is stored in the rectum for some time and eliminated through the anus at regular intervals.

Nutrition in man-3.

Transport system in man consists of blood, blood vessels and the heart. 
Blood consists of RBC, WBC, PLATELETS. 
The liquid part of blood is called PLASMA.

Transport system in man.

Blood vessels are of two types namely arteries and veins.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood towards the heart. Still smaller blood vessels are called capillaries. 
Heart is the main pumping organ. 
It has two auricles and two ventricles.

Blood vessels.

Blood flows twice through the heart to complete one circulation. 
Once it flows from the heart to the lungs to become oxygenated and second time it flows from the heart to the body parts to become   deoxygenated. This is termed as double circulation.

Double circulation.

There are four common blood groups in India. A, B, AB, O.
Each blood group can be again of two types Rh+ve or Rh-ve. 

There is a rare blood group called ABO blood which is mostly found in India, Pakistan and Iran.

Blood groups.

Kidneys are specially designed to excrete nitrogenous wastes produced in our body during the metabolism of proteins. 
There are two kidneys one on either side of the vertebral column. 
Each kidney contains about one million neurons. Each nephron filters the blood which collects in the ureters and comes out through the urethra.

Excretion.

Some common disorders of the kidneys are kidney stones, kidney failure and nephritis.

Skin also acts as a osmoregulator and even helps in regulating body temperature.

Kidney disorders and skin.

Respiration is the process of converting glucose(sugar) into carbon dioxide and water vapour.
During this process a large amount of energy is liberated which is required to do work. 
Breathing is taking in of air and giving out of air.

Respiration.

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Lessons

22 lessons • 5h 8m

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Plant Tissues

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Plant Tissues - Simple Permanent Tissues

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Animal Tissues

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Animal Tissues 2

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Organs and Organ Systems

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Brain.

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Spinal cord.

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Endocrine Glands.

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Endocrine Glands 2.

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Plant Hormones.

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