This is sahithisekhar. I have completed my msc organic chemistry from Andhra university during the years 2009-11 with distinction and recent

Sahithisekhar Duggirala

This course covers some important topics related to Purification Techniques. The course will be beneficial for Pre-Medical exams.

This section is a one-stop shop for all Medical aspirants. Be thorough with these powerful courses that will give you the right strategy for preparation, and help you crack any pre-medical exam.

NEET UG

English

Purification Techniques: Pre-Medical Exams

Basic Principles

Organic Chemistry

Chemistry

IITJEE, NEET UG and Foundation

Ace the toughest competitive and government exams in India 

Test Preparation

Distillation is the process of separating the components of mixture by using techniques of boiling and condensation
It is mainly used to separate liquid mixtures
It works on the principle of separation basing on the differences in their volatility
Volatility is nothing but the capacity to vaporize. 
Boiling and condensation are quite reverse processes. Boiling is the process in which liquid phase of matter is converted into vapour on heating whereas condensation is conversion of vapour state into liquid on cooling.
The apparatus of distillation include following parts:
1. Round bottomed flask
2. Thermometer 
3. Condenser 
4. Impure liquid mixture
5. Spirit lamp
6. Beaker to collected liquid seperated
7. Retort stand
Round bottomed flask is the apparatus to heat the impure liquid mixture with spirit lamp.
The components of the mixture will have different boiling points so that the component with less boiling point will vaporize first and get separated by passing through the condenser and collected as liquid in the beaker

Distillation

Fractional distillation is advanced type of distillation in which the component of the liquid mixture can be separated more accurately. 
The difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation is that simple distillation is used for the liquid mixture where the boiling points of the components are differ by greater than 25 degree Celsius where as fractional distillation is used if the difference in the boiling points of components of liquid mixture is less than 25 degree Celsius. 
Fractional distillation also follows the same techniques of boiling and condensation but in more accurate way due to a special apparatus called fractionating column 
Fractionating column is along tube which contain partitions so that it allows the liquids of near boiling points also to seperate
The apparatus of fractional distillation is similar to that of simple distillation but it includes fractionating column connected to round bottomed flask and connected to condenser.
This helps to separate the components of mixture with near boiling points to separate.

Fractional Distillation

This lesson explains steam distillation and chromatography.
Steam distillation is one of the type of distillation which Is used for heat sensitive liquid mixtures. 
In such case steam is used for heating the mixture to separate the components of the mixture. Mostly this method is employed for aromatic compounds which are heat sensitive.
Chromatography is the advanced and most likely used separation technique.
The mixture has to be separated is dissolved in a fluid called mobile phase which carries it through a structure holding another material called stationary phase. 
The different components of mixture travel at different rates causing them to separate. 
Terminology of chromatography:
1. Analyte- the mixture that is to be separated.
2. Stationary phase- material coated on a plate or tube which is covalently bonded to support particles.
3. Mobile phase- solvent used to dissolve the analyte we need to separate. It helps the particles to move upon stationary phase.  Mobile phase may be a liquid a gas or super critical fluid or non polar solvent. 
4. Chromatogram- it is a graphical output of chromatography technique with different peaks and patterns corresponding to different components of the mixture

Steam Distillation and Chromatography

Types of chromatograpy:
1. Paper chromatography
2. Column chromatography
3. Thin layer chromatography
4. Gas chromatography
5. High performance liquid chromatography 
Paper chromatography: 
It is one of the oldest and earliest technique used to separate the components of mixture. In this the stationary phase is a filter paper coated with chemical.
The mobile phase is generally an alcoholic solvent. The mixture to separate is applied as a spot on filter paper on base line at bottom and dipped in beaker containing  mobile phase. The filter paper absorbs the mobile phase which allows the sample spot also moves on stationary phase thereby separating the different components of mixture.
Column chromatography:
Here stationary phase is a column which is a tube coated inside.  The mixture is dissolved in mobile phase and allowed to flow down the column.  Basing on different retention capacities the Components of mixture are separated

Types of Chromatography and paper and column chromatography

This lesson covers the description about the Thin Layer Chromatograohy.
Thin layer chromatographic is used to separate non volatile mixtures. 
In TLC the components of mixture are identified by calculating retardation factor.
The stationary phase in TLC is a thin glass plate or aluminium foil coated with silicagel or aluminium oxide.  The mobile phase is solvent. 
The retardation factor is the ratio of distance travelled by the spot from the base line to the total distance travelled by mobile phase

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

This lesson explains gas chromatography and high performance Liquid Chromatography.
Gas chromatographic is the common type of separation technique used to compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition. 
In gas chromatography mobile phase is a carrier gas usually an inert gas like helium or non reactive gas like nitrogen or some time hydrogen. 
Gas chromatographic instrument is called aerograph. 
It is also called as vapour phase chromatography or gas-liquid partition chromatography. 

High performance liquid chromatography : it is a highly advanced qualified technique of chromatography where the sample is pushed down the column with mobile phase by applying high pressure and components are separated. 
It is advanced because of its high speed efficiency and high sensitivity. 
It is mainly used in diagnosis of diseases in labs and in quality assurance in food and pharmacy industry's and also in scientific research for analysis

Gas Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Ravi Sir's unique techniques to uncomplicate Chemistry for NEET aspirants have made him widely popular across the platform.

Ravi Prakash

it's about all the basic concepts of organic chemistry which will be the basics of all ur organic chapters

(Hindi) General Organic Chemistry

The course is about a important topic which will form the basics of your organic chemistry.

(Hindi) Resonance

In this course you will study one of the most conceptual topic in a very easy manner that you will love stereo Isomerism.

(Hindi) Stereo Isomerism

In this course we will study detail structural isomerism , it's all types and all types of questions based on structural isomerism will be discussed .

(Hindi) Isomerism

A mentor to 50k+ students- Anmol Sir's contribution to NEET UG is immense. Check out his classes to watch Biology unfold like never before!

Anmol Sharma

In this session educator will cover complete General organic chemistry in detail with handwritten notes.

Lessons

6 lessons • 1h 22m

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Distillation

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Fractional Distillation

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Steam Distillation and Chromatography

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Types of Chromatography and paper and column chromatography

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Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

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Gas Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography