Abhishek Srivastava

This course discusses the various acts passed by Britain which shaped the Indian Polity from 1773 to 1947 and became the baseline of the Indian constitution. These Acts have been analyzed and assessed for the better understanding of the aspirants and helps to understand inter-connection between various stakeholders viz. Britain, East India Company, and India. This course also relates this thread to the freedom struggle and explains the relevance of these acts at that time. Along with Acts form Britain various other threads like Nehru Report has been linked here.

Crack UPSC CSE Prelims and Mains Exams. Know how to prepare for UPSC 2019 and 2020, complete syllabus, exam patterns, latest notifications to join IAS, IFS, IPS and other cadres of Civil Services.

UPSC CSE - GS

UPSC - Civil Services Examination (IAS) Preparation

Hindi

(Hindi) Historical underpinnings of Indian Constitution

Indian Constitution

Indian Polity 

Polity, Governance & IR

UPSC CSE

Ace the toughest competitive and government exams in India 

Test Preparation

Union Public Service Commission Exams (UPSC)

The basic layout of the course has been discussed here.

Overview of the course

The Regulating Act of 1773, tried to sail in an unchartered sea. As it left the details of administration in India to the devices of the company. However, it tried to organize an honest and efficient supreme authority in Bengal, Madras & Bombay and to provide against the abuse of their powers by the servants of the company. It was a failure and only added to Hastings difficulties instead of strengthening him. 

The Act was in operation for 11 years till it was superseded by the Pitt’s India Act of 1984.

Regulating Act 1773 (in Hindi)

The Act constituted a department of state in England Known as the "Board of Control". Whose special function was to control the political affairs of the Court of Directors. However, the Act allowed the Court of Directors to manage the commercial affairs. Thus introducing the Dual System of governance by the company and by a parliamentary Board which lasted till 1858.

The act of 1833 undoubtedly brought about significant and far reaching changes in the constitution of India. The company having lost its commercial privileges could now concentrate on administration. Also, the provision for the codification of law was of great consequence as before 1833, the laws were so imperfect that in most of the cases it was almost impossible to ascertain what exactly the law was. There were several types of laws enforceable in India and at times it used to become a difficult question to decide which law was applicable in a particular case.
Also, the provision concerning the abolition of slavery irrespective of religion, place of birth, descent and colour is another lendable feature of the Act. However, it might have been passed.

Pitts India Act and Charter Act of 1833 (in Hindi)

The Act was a Compromise between two conflicting views. Those who favoured the retention of the company's territorial authority were satisfied by the provision that the company should continue to govern India in trust for the crown until the Parliament should otherwise direct. While those who wanted the substitution of Crown control for that of the company were now satisfied that the number of directors were reduced from 24 to 18 of whom 6 were to be the nominees of the crown & that the quorum was fixed at 10 so that when the meetings of the court were thinly attended, the nominees of the Crown were able to have a majority. Eventually, the Directors lost their patronage. One of the main shortcomings in the act however was the continued exclusion of the people of the land with the work of legislation.

Charter Act 1853 (in Hindi)

The Secretaries of State for India who were appointed according to the act of 1858 were far abler men than the members of the boards of control had been. The British parliament was content with leaving the secretary of state alone to act as he pleased. They started managing the affairs of India so efficiently that there were no occasions for the parliament to give any directions or interfere in their work.
Also, as the most brilliant Englishmen had now entered the India civil service and were carrying on the administrative work efficiently. It was thus thought ungenerous and unnecessary from the British point of view, to criticize them. Thus, by this way developed the theory of trusting the man on spot and supporting him and leaving him alone.

Act of good governance 1858 (in Hindi)

The Act of 1858, exclusively introduced changes in the Home Government. So far as the India was concerned, it did not touch its administrative set up. There was a strong feeling that sweeping changes in the constitution of India were called for after the great crisis of 1857-58, especially in the direction of establishing closer contacts with the Indian public opinion. The revolt of 1857 had clearly brought home the fact that the perilous experiment of continuing to legislated for millions with few means of knowing except by rebellion whether the law suits them or not must be done away with.

The Indian Councils Act of 1861 (in Hindi)

The main interest of the act lay in the gradual construction and consolidation of the mechanical framework of the government. The three separate presidencies were brought into a common system. The legislative and administrative authority of the Governor-General-in-council was asserted over all the provinces and extended to all their inhabitants and the principle of indentifying local needs and welcoming local knowledge was admitted, so that local councils were created or recreated and a few non-official and even Indian members were introduced for the purposes of advice.

Assessment of 1861 Act (in Hindi)

The Act of 1892 broadened considerably the functions of the legislatures, now the members could ask questions and obtain the desired information from the executive. 
The financial accounts of the current year and the budget for the following year were presented to the legislatures, and now the members were allowed to make general observation on the budget & given necessary suggestions for increasing or decreasing revenue and expenditure.
 And, as the functions of the legislatures were widened, they attracted the country's best available talent. Eminent Indian leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Asutosh Mookherji, Ras Bihari Ghosh and Surendra Nath Banerjee now found their way in the legislatures.

The Indian Councils Act of 1892 (in Hindi)

In August 1907 two Indians- KG Gupta and Syed Hussain Bilgrami were made members of the Secretary of State's India Council. 
In India, on 24 March 1909, Mr. Saytendra Sinha was appointed member of the Viceroy in Executive Council.
Provisions of the Act- The size of the Legislatures, both at the Centre and in the Provinces, was enlarged and so were their functions.

The Indian Councils Act, 1909 (in Hindi)

The Indian Councils Act, 1909 Part II (in Hindi)

The Minto-Morley Reforms were passed not with the intention of
establishing a parliamentary system in India but with the opposite
intention of buttressing the authority of the British bureaucracy by rallying
to its side the Moderates and the Muslims.
The Indian National Congress, shorn of its left wing, expressed its
dissatisfaction at "

The Government of India Act 1919 (in Hindi)

GOI 1919 Part II (in Hindi)

GOI 1919 Part III (in Hindi)

Rowlatt Acts and Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy- 
But fate proved too strong for such good intentions. Justice Rowlatt's Committee produced a Report on the basis of which two Bills were introduced in the Imperial Legislature in February 1919 and passed, in spite of popular opposition, with the help of the official majority commanded by the Government.

Aftermath of 1919 (in Hindi)

The Swaraj Party- 
With the passage of time the opposition to the Act of 1919 became strong and more effective. Even the Moderates, for all their readiness to co-operate with the Government, found the Reforms inadequate and unsatisfactory. Some of the Congress leaders, especially Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das, formed the Swarajist Party

Swaraj Party and Simon commission (in Hindi)

Nehru report I (in Hindi)

Nehru Report II ( in Hindi)

Round table conferences (in Hindi)

Government of India Act 1935 (in Hindi)

GOI Act 1935 Part II (in Hindi)

GOI Act 1935 Part III (in Hindi)

GOI Act 1935 Part IV

GOI Act 1935 Part V (in Hindi)

GOI Act 1935 Part VI (in Hindi)

It was in 1934 that the idea of a Constituent Assembly for India was put forward for the first time by M. N. Roy, a pioneer of communist movement in India and an advocate of radical democratism. In 1935, the Indian National Congress (INC), for the first time, officially demanded a Constituent Assembly to frame the Constitution of India. In 1938, Jawaharlal Nehru, on behalf the INC declared that 'the Constitution of free India must be framed, without outside interference, by a Constituent Assembly elected on the basis of adult franchise'.

Evolution of the Constitution

Composition of the Constituent Assembly

Working of the constituent assembly (in Hindi)

Changes by Independence Act (in Hindi)

Various committees (in Hindi)

Enactment of the Constitution (in Hindi)

MA in Applied Human Rights from Sheffield Hallam University, BA (Hons.) History from LSR, reader, dancer, love to teach, AIR 42 in 2018 UPSC

Nandini Maharaj

This course discusses the organization, composition of the two houses of state legislature, membership, presiding officers of state legislature, sessions of the state legislature, legislative procedure in state legislature, position of the legislative council and privileges of state legislature.

The State Legislature (Laxmikant Summary)

10years of teaching experience in Polity,IR, Governance,PS&IR(optional)
Use My Ref.Code-sanjay177 to unlock the courses

Sanjay Kumar Thakur

Courses deals with polity & constitution targetting UPSC

(Hindi) Constitutional Development

This course discusses what is meant by a federal system. It evaluates the federal and unitary features of the Indian Constitution.

Laxmikant Summary: The Federal System (Ch 13)

This course covers the salient features of the Central Information Commission and the State Information Commissions.

Information Commissions: Laxmikant Summary

This Course covers the text of the Preamble, the significance, the important terms and other relevant issues and PYQs.

Laxmikant Chapter 4: The Preamble

M.Sc, B.Sc, B.Ed | 10 year experience | UPSC interview , MPPSC Mains (2013 & 16) & UPSI | Subjects -  Economics, Polity, Geography, Science


Mukesh Katare

factual & conceptual study of  governor,council of minister & State legislature Indian constitution Part 6

Lessons

30 lessons • 4h 22m

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Overview of the course

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Regulating Act 1773 (in Hindi)

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Pitts India Act and Charter Act of 1833 (in Hindi)

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Charter Act 1853 (in Hindi)

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Act of good governance 1858 (in Hindi)

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The Indian Councils Act of 1861 (in Hindi)

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Assessment of 1861 Act (in Hindi)

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The Indian Councils Act of 1892 (in Hindi)

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The Indian Councils Act, 1909 (in Hindi)

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The Indian Councils Act, 1909 Part II (in Hindi)

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