Completed B.Com from DAVV, Indore
Cleared CS, CWA (CMA) and CA Final (Group I)


Abhyudaya Kelkar

To construe or decode 'The History of India' is one of the most cumbersome things to do for a common man, due to a variety of reasons. Most of the Indian history is shrouded in myths, legends and mysteries. To chalk out a structure or outlining or defining it requires several inputs from numerous sources. Also, there are certain techniques involved to do it. Since it is never easy to interpret the undefined past of this almost continent, buried under the various layers of hundreds of cultures spanning many millennia, there are 'hordes' of hurdles that make the study difficult albeit interesting. The history begins with zero, i.e. the Stone Age and this is exactly what we are going to discuss in the lessons, apart from the sources of history, the hurdles and positioning. The Stone Age can be divided into three parts viz., Old, Middle and New ones. Along with these three, we shall also discuss two quasi-Stone Age topics - Chalcolithic Age and Megaliths. However these two cannot be designated as 'Stone Age' cultures, yet the two 'lithic' periods contribute substantially to the beginning of Indian History, in some way or the other. Tags:  Ancient History, History for UPSC CSE, India History, Indian History, UPSC History, Fundamentals of History for UPSC CSE, Fundamentals of History for IAS Exam, History Syllabus for UPSC CSE, UPSC Online, UPSC Exam, UPSC Examination, UPSC Syllabus, UPSC IAS Exam, IAS Questions, IAS Syllabus, IAS Preparation, IAS Exam Syllabus CSE Exam, CSE Syllabus, Indian History in Hindi.

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UPSC CSE - GS

UPSC - Civil Services Examination (IAS) Preparation

Hindi

(Hindi) Ancient India: The Beginning

Indian History

Political Philosophies

World History

History

UPSC CSE

Ace the toughest competitive and government exams in India 

Test Preparation

Union Public Service Commission Exams (UPSC)

Here begins the first part of the whole Course 'Ancient India'. For the convenience of students, the entire course has been divided into seven parts viz., 
1. The Beginning
2. Indus Valley Civilization 
3. Vedic Period and Iron Age
4. Mauryan Period
5. Post-Mauryan Period
6. Gupta Period
7. Post-Gupta Period.

This is an overview lesson of the Part-I. This part deals with the sources of Indian History, it's problems, techniques of study and positioning, along with the three segments of Stone Age plus Chalcolithic Age and Megalithic Cultures. So this set of eight lessons will constitute 'The Beginning of Indian History.'  This is least cared and perhaps the least interesting portion of the Indian history as it becomes extremely difficult for us to correlate it with the past. Nevertheless, we have tried to make it as lucrative as possible.

Overview of the Course (in Hindi)

India belongs to the ‘Old World’ and one of the oldest civilizations, and perhaps the only surviving civilization since past four millennia. That gives us ample sources of indigenous as well as foreign observations about India. The footprints of the people, kings, personalities, religious figures, etc. left behind tell us what the country, society and circumstances looked like. Many travelers to tell us what India was in the past.  
These all constitute ‘The Sources of Indian History’, which has been broadly classified into three distinct categories:
1.	Literary Sources: Whatever was written
2.	Archaeological Sources: Whatever has been unearthed or recovered from the past in physical form.
3.	Other Sources: Whatever is left behind and not covered under the previous two categories. 
This is how the history of India can be interpreted.

The Sources of Indian History (in Hindi)

Interpretation of Indian history is an uphill task, basically because of two reasons – Intertwined legacies and the tendency to remain unsystematic. That means a confusion made worse by unrecorded chronologies and events coupled by the web of rumors and traditions.
Indian History is widely considered an unwritten one and rightly so, due to many factors like absence of proper sequencing, reliable dating and span of the rule of the kings, engulfed by romanticism and exaggerations, lack of measurements., etc. 
Why exactly Indians are uninterested in recording their past is a matter of study and debate. But the outcome is a horrible confusion, which can be interpreted through numerous theories. The invasions and the havoc added to the agony. 
It is extremely shocking that the two widely era-systems used in India don’t have a reliable beginning. What exactly happened in 57 BC for initiating the Vikrama Era and what happened in 78 AD for starting the Shaka Era is still buried under the heap of mysteries of Indian History.
This lesson is meant to bring out certain difficulties one faces while studying or interpreting the history of India.

The Problems While Studying Indian History (in Hindi)

Most of the students and many tutors are careless about positioning the history of India. It is essential to locate and mark a starting point to begin the study of Indian history to get a proper insight and holistic view. 
Geology, Anthropology and Biology constitute elements of history which are separately studied in those respective disciplines. However while studying history, we have to consider those aspects as well. So dating of Earth, the emergence of humans, etc. are relevant for history to some extent. At least to understand the beginning and to place a starting point, these factors should be taken into account.
Furthermore, there are certain techniques used by archaeologists which are rarely discussed. So, we will also study about those techniques, particularly the most popular ones.

Positioning of the Indian History and Techniques to Study History (in Hindi)

Usually, we start studying history from Stone Age. The Stone Age is divided into three parts, the first one being ‘Palaeolithic Age’ or ‘Old Stone Age’ in Greek. This Palaeolithic Age itself is divided into three sub-parts – lower, middle and upper.
Man was basically a hunter and food gatherer throughout this period. The only notable differences were those of types of stones and variety of tools. So these two things bifurcated the three Palaeolithic periods. 
There is also a map used in the lesson to depict the various paleolithic sites to enable the understanding and locating comfortably on blank maps, especially in the Mains.

Palaeolithic Age in India (in Hindi)

Mesolithic Age saw a sea change in lifestyle of humans. They changed their habitat and methods of hunting, tools, etc. Domestication of animals also began during this period as evidenced from Adamgadh and Bagore, 
The most striking feature of this age is the use of ‘Microliths’ and flourishing of the Microlithic industry. You can understand what microliths are, through the pictures used in the lesson.
By the end of Mesolithic Period, man started initial farming and therefore started producing food. So in a nutshell, it can be said that the tale of the transformation of man from food gatherer to food producer is the history of Mesolithic Period.
As it was previously done for the lesson on Palaeolithic Age, a map has been used to depict the various palaeolithic sites to enable the understanding and locating comfortably on blank maps, especially in the Mains.

The Mesolithic Age in India (in Hindi)

Neolithic Age brought revolutionary changes in the life of man. The introduction of the wheel, extensive use of fire, pottery, agriculture, settled life, lethal and more finished tools- This whole can give you a clear picture how Neolithic Age brought an end to an early man with nomadic or quasi-nomadic lifestyle.
The Beginning of settled life is also the beginning of civilization in a crude sense. So if we observe carefully, the human civilization begins with the Neolithic Period only. 
Although Neolithic Age began way too earlier in the Levant, it spread eastwards later on, reaching  South Asia (Indian Sub-continent) by around 7000 BC. Mehrgarh was the first and much advanced site than the other Neolithic Sites in India. 
The Neolithic Age as a whole, lasted up to 1000 BC in India ending in the South.
It can be arguably considered the last phase of Stone Age. Although Chalcolithic Age can be considered a period of Stone Age, but the association with copper and alloys and much more advanced lifestyle makes it a separate chapter.

The Neolithic Age in India (in Hindi)

The Chalcolithic Age saw the usage of working metals for the first time. It was copper that gave new dimensions to the human civilization. Copper meant mining and metallurgy on the one hand and sophisticated tools, equipment and machinery made of the metal and its alloys on the other.
Since copper was used with stone, the period became a Chalcolithic Age, instead of stepping into the Bronze Age. Nevertheless, there were many parallels and regular close contacts of these Chalcolithic cultures with the Indus Valley Civilization, the Bronze Age Civilization of Indian Sub-continent.
In this lesson we will see how the lives and lifestyles transformed from agricultural settlements to towns in the Chalcolithic period, thus initiating civilization in the sub-continent outside the Indus Valley.  
Students are advised to watch the pictures and maps very carefully and separately if required.

Chalcolithic Age in India (in Hindi)

'Megaliths' constitute one of the important chapters of Ancient Indian History. Although it had a parallel existence with Iron Age, it is being covered in this part on two accounts. Firstly, these megaliths were unassociated with the other prevailing civilizations to a large extent. Secondly, extensive use of stones and rocks being the dominant feature of these cultures made it suitable to place them alongside the Stone Age topics.

In the previous lesson, we saw that Chalcolithic cultures used Copper along with stones. Here we will see the use of iron along with stones. The use of stone was however limited to ceremonial purposes and not for tool-making. Nevertheless, an association with ’stones’ can be argued as a reason to put this lesson in the very first part. We will encounter a similar problem while placing the Sangam Age as well.

  Students are advised to watch the pictures and maps very carefully and separately if required. Perhaps no description will be enough to explain the concept of Megaliths unless we use pictures and maps.

The Megaliths in India (in Hindi)

MCQs on Prehistoric India I (in Hindi)

MCQs on Prehistoric India II (in Hindi)

[Rachna Shukla] PSIR Optional Faculty, CS Engineer, M.A. in Political Science. Use code : "ASHNASISODIA" to unlock classes.

Ashna Sisodia

In this course Ashna will cover the Entire World History through Questions and Answers format in various modules. This is the first module of this course. For other modules subscribe to my profile on unacademy.

World History Practice Questions For UPSC CSE Mains

IELTS Band 8, DU LLB AIR 72,Held Guinness​ World Record,Former Campus Correspondent at Hindustan Times ,Cracked AFCAT, Civil Engineer

Hardik Siroha

What was the crises that Germany was facing after World War 1? How did they lead to the rise of Adolf Hitler? Do these kinds of leaders always come up when these situations exist ? Hardik answers all of these questions.

Tags: World History for UPSC CSE, History for UPSC CSE, Adolf Hitler, Nazism, UPSC CSE, UPSC CSE free videos, UPSC Online, UPSC Exam, UPSC Examination, UPSC Syllabus, UPSC, IAS Exam, IAS Questions, IAS Syllabus, IAS Preparation, IAS

Adolf Hitler and Nazism

dr.anjali sharma 
20 yrs of teaching exp
mb pg college kota raj
qualifications: 
phd 
double ma
rscit
bed
raki yoga 

Dr Anjali Sharma

in this course explinetion about the party change law ,hirarchy,political ideology and left right,and approaces of admn

(Hindi) Political and Administrative Idiology

Cracked IBPS 2015 ,Cricket,Fiction,Cooking and Hollywood Movies and CSE mains 2017

Anurag Prasad

The course will take you through the winding alleys of World History through the ages . We start from" the era of reason" popularly referred to as the enlightenment and progress to all important strands like the American ,French and Russian revolutions . What has been the role of India and how have we been impacted and what exactly is the present situation in various  See u on board!!;):)

World History - Enlightenment to the Modern World

Asst Professor at Vijetha Institute, Delhi , Masters in Biotechnology IIT JAM 2011 (AIR - 479) CSIR NET Life Sciences 2012, DBT JRF 2015,  U

Danish Khatana

The course discusses the various political philosophies, their historical roots,  their forms and effects on the society.

UPSC World History - Political Philosophies

In this course world history will be discussed in detail. The course begins with time period before enlightenment, how was the structure of the society at that time. It further proceeds to the era of enlightenment and highlights the changes that were brought at that time. In the next lesson, world revolutions are discussed in detail further unification of Italy and Germany and Russian revolution is discussed.

Lessons

11 lessons • 1h 39m