NLSIU, Bangalore 👩🏻‍🎓 Lawyer at Court, Educator at Heart 👩🏻‍🏫 Former Educator at: MGSIPA, Chd & C.L Edu. Pvt. Ltd. 💫 MOTTO: Divide and Learn

Shweta Kumar Devgan

In this course the educator intends to explain the conceptual background of the law of contracts through case laws and go through and explain each and every Section of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 so that the learner grasps and remembers the jist.

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UPSC CSE - GS

UPSC - Civil Services Examination (IAS) Preparation

English

Learning the Law - Understanding Law of Contracts

This session lays the foundation for understanding the Indian Contract law. It explains the following:
1. What is law?
2. Pre British era contract law
3. The rule of Damdupat
4. Advent of the British Contract law
5. Difference between rights in R.E.M. and rights in personal
6. Introduction to the Indian Contract Act, 1872: origin, preamble, scope and ambit.

Contextual Background of the Indian Contract Law

This session is an overview of the definition section (S.2) of the Indian Contract Act 1872.  With reference to the important case laws, it also explains the following:
1. The definition of offer.
2. The various types of offers.
3. Invitation to an offer.

Section 2- Definition Clause and Types of Offers

This lesson covers the concept of ‘acceptance’ under the Indian Contract Act, holistically (in detail).
It explains important topics such as:
1. Difference between offer and invitation to an offer (based on parameters)
2. Essentials of a valid acceptance.
3. Mirror image rule of acceptance.

‘Acceptance’ under the Indian Contract Act, 1872

This lesson covers:
1. Definition of promisor and promises 
2. Explains the effect of acceptance through ‘Anson’s’ statement.
3. Differentiates between English law and Indian law in this regard.
4. Introduces the concept of communication In contracts.

Effect of Acceptance and introduction to Ch 1 of ICA (Bare Act)

This lesson covers the following:
1. Intention and willingness to accept.
2. Postal rule of acceptance and revocation (in detail).
3. Difference between English law as well as Indian Law.
4. Current status as regards the communication rule.

Communication, Acceptance and Revocation

This lesson is a continuation of the last lesson and covers the following topics:
1. Explains Section 6, 8 and 9.
2. Explains how revocation of an offer is made in detail.
3. Through case laws explains knowledge of an offer.
4. Explains express and implied promise.

Communication, Acceptance and Revocation of Proposals- Part 2

This lesson helps a learner cover:
1. Important case laws on offer.
2. An overview of the definitions of consideration, agreement, reciprocal promise, void and contract.
3. The foundation of a contract.
4. Important elements of an agreement.
5. Introduction to ‘All contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not contracts.”

Formation of a valid Contract: Part 1

This lesson (lesson -8) is a continuation of the last lesson.
1. It explains, the saying “all agreements are not contracts, but all contracts are agreements.
2. It further explains through case laws and examples as to what kind of agreements are and are not contracts.

Formation of a Valid Contract: Part 2

Through illustrations and flow charts, this lesson covers the following:
1. Essentials of a valid contract.
2. What makes a contract valid.
3. What makes a contract void.
4.Difference between void and voidable
5. Difference between consent and free consent

Essentials of a Valid Contract

This lesson explains the following:
1. Section 11 of the Indian Contract Act.
2. Competency of minors to enter into contracts
3. Concept of restitution: Section 64 and 65 of ICA
4. Section 33 of Specific Relief Act, 1963
5. The case of Mohiri Bibi v Dharmodas Gosh in detail.

Parties Competent to Contract: Part 1 - Contract with Minor

lesson 11 covers the following:
1. Restitution of minor’s contract under Section 33 SRA.
2. Ratification of a minor’s agreement
3. Beneficial contracts 
4. Apprentice contracts
5. Position of minors under partnership law
6. Agreements with persons of unsound mind.

Parties Competent to a Contract: Part 2

This lesson explains the following:
1. Consent and free consent.
2. Section 13 of ICA
3. Section 14 of ICA
4. Section 15 of ICA and the concept of coercion.
5. What is and what is not coercion through case laws.
6. Difference between coercion and duress.

FACTORS VITIATING CONSENT- PART 1: COERCION

This lesson explains a very important topic of undue influence. 
Provides you with tips and shortcuts to help you remember each and every detail of this section 
Through flowcharts explains the concept of real and apparent authority + fiduciary relationship.
Gives important case laws from exam point of view.

FACTORS VITIATING CONSENT - PART 2: UNDUE INFLUENCE

Understand Sections 17 and 18 of the Indian Contract Act, through a detailed reading of the Bare Act and learn how to dissect each and every word and remember the Sections of the Bare Act.

Factors vitiating Consent: Part 3 - Fraud and Misrepresentation

This lessons explains section 17 and 19 of the Indian Contract Act is detail. With this lesson we finish the topic of voidable contracts in factors vitiating consent.

Factors Vitiating Consent: Part 4- Fraud and Misrepresentation (Contd.)

This lesson simplifies the concept of mistake under Sections 20, 21 and 22 of the Indian Contract Act. It further explains the concepts of:
1. Mistake by fact
2. Mistake by law
3. Unilateral mistake
4. Bilateral mistake
5. Common mistake and mutual mistake 
And finally 6. Provides for landmark cases on the topic.

Mistake under the Indian Contract Act

This lesson covers:
1. The topics of lawful object and lawful considerations and describes the difference between the two.
2. Explains consideration and it’s exceptions in detail.
3. Uses colour coordination and flowcharts to help you remember Sections 23-25 of the Bare Act along with its illustrations.

Consideration under the Indian Contract Act

PRIVITY Of CONTRACT is a very important descriptive topic for UPSC MAINS LAW OPTIONAL as well as JUDICIARY MAINS examinations.
This lesson covers:
1. Types of considerations
2. English law concept of Privity of Consideration and Privity of Contract + difference between the 2.
3. Indian law concept of Privity of Consideration + landmark case law on it.
4. In detail coverage of the topic of PRivity of Contract + landmark case laws
5. Exceptions to Privity of Contract.

PRIVITY OF CONTRACT

This lesson is an introduction to the Sections in Indian Contract Act that determine void agreements on account of Public Policy. It explains the following:
1. What is public policy?
2. Public Policy: ‘An Unruly Horse’
3. Interpretation of doctrine of Public Policy in India
4. Agreements in restraint of marriage- void
5. Landmark case laws on the above topic.

Agreements against Public Policy- Void: Part 1

This lesson explains ‘Agreements in restraint of trade’ in detail. It covers the following:
1. Section 27 of the Indian Contract Act
2. Landmark case laws
3. Exceptions to the rule of agreements in restraint of trade 
4. Case laws on exceptions.

Agreements in Restraint of Trade: Void- S. 27

This lesson is particularly important for students preparing for Judiciary examinations. It explains in detail the following:
1. Section 28 of ICA: Agreements in restraint of legal proceedings, void.
2. Section 29: Agreements void for uncertainty 
3. Difference between void and illegal agreements.

Agreements against Public Policy: Void- Part 3 (Sections 29 & 30 + difference between void & illegal

This lesson explains the entire topic of Wagering Agreements. It explains the following:
1. What are wagering agreements
2. Section 30 of the Indian Contract Act
3. Essentials of a wagering Agreement
4. Insurance Contract: A wager?
5. Lotteries: whether wager or not 
6. Speculative transactions

Wagering Agreements: Void

This lesson explains:
- what are contingent contracts?
- what are the elements of contingent contracts?
- when are contingent contracts valid?
- when do they become void?
- Covers And explains S. 31-36 of the ICA Bare Act

Contingent Contracts: S. 31-36 of Indian Contract Act

This lesson lays a roadmap for the Sections dealing with Performance of contracts.
- It explains the terms: 
. Valid performance of offers
. Anticipatory Breach of contracts
Along with explaining Sections 37-39 of the Indian Contract Act+ The ancillary Sections these are to be read with + landmark case laws and illustrations.

Performance of Contracts + Anticipatory Breach

Understand and Learn the topic of Joint Liability in contracts through this lessons.
It explains S.40-45 of the Indian Contract Act in detail along with other connected sections.

JOINT LIABILITY IN CONTRACTS: S.40-45

This lesson discusses S.46-50 r/w S.55 of the Indian Contract Act. Through Sections, illustrations and case law it explains when time is the essence of the contract and when it is not.

Time is the Essence of the Contract

This lesson explains the entire topic of reciprocal promises covered under sections 51-54 + S. 57 and 58 of the Indian Contract Act along with the Blue Pencil Rule in detail.

Reciprocal Promises: S.51-54 +S.57&58 of ICA

CLAYTON’s Rule is a very important topic both for UPSC as well as Judiciary exams.
This lesson explains S. 59-61 of the Indian Contract Act covering the CLAYTON’s Rule And Appropriation of Payments.

CLAYTON’s Rule + Appropriation of Payments S. 59-61

This lesson explains:
- the concept of discharge of a contract.
- Discharge by Frustration of a contract.
- doctrine of supervening impossibility
- Grounds in which discharge by frustration can take place
- Section 56 of the Indian Contract Act
- Rebus Sic Stantibus

Frustration of Contract + Rebus Sic Stabtibus

This lesson discusses 2 very important concepts of the Indian Contract Act,1872
1. EFFECT OF NOVATION
2. RULE OF WAIVER

EFFECT OF NOVATION & RULE OF WAIVER

Quasi contract is a very important topic under law of contracts.
This lesson explains:
- The meaning of quasi contracts
- Origin of quasi contracts
- Quasi contract under the Indian Contract Act
- Landmark case laws

QUASI CONTRACTS

The 1st part of Breach of Contract discusses Section 73 and its illustrations. The illustrations of S.73 are very exhaustive and a student of contract law must have a thorough knowledge of the same.

Breach of Contract- Part 1

This lesson covers a very important topic under the breach of Contracts i.e QUANTUM MERUIT along with a conceptual understanding of Sections 73, 74 and 75 of the Indian Contract Act.
With this we will finish the entire topic of Breach of Contracts.

QUANTUM MERUIT

This is an introductory lesson to the concepts of indemnity and guarantee under the Indian contract Act. 
It also covers the sections relating to indemnity under ICA

Indemnity and Guarantee- Part 1

This is the 2nd part of the lesson series on indemnity and guarantee. It explains 2 very important concepts of:
Continuing guarantee and Discharge of Surety from liability by covering the sections concerned under the ICA.

Continuing Guarantee and Discharge of a Surety from Liability

This is the third and last part of the lesson series on Indemnity and Guarantee. It classifies the rights of surety under 3 sub-headings and explains them. It further clarifies the distinction between indemnity and guarantee. The latter topic is very important from the point of view of descriptive competitive exams (mains stage).

RIGHTS OF SURETY & DISTINCTION BETWEEN CONTRACTS OF INDEMNITY AND GUARANTEE

Del Credre agent is a concept often asked in descriptive exams. This lesson explains the concept of Del Credre agents along with the various
Methods of creation of an agency.
It also explains the concept of ratification as well as the doctrine of relation back in detail.

DEL CREDERE AGENT + CREATION AND RATIFICATION OF AGENCY

This is an introductory lesson to the law of agency:
It provides for a summary of all major sections of the Indian contract Act which pertain to agency in a tabular form.
Further it explains the concept as well as the main features of an agency.

LAW OF AGENCY IN A NUTSHELL + MAIN FEATURES OF AN AGENCY

This lesson discusses a very important topic on Law of Agency that is the Latin maxim of ‘DELEGATUS non potest delegate’ along with the following topics:
- definition of sub - agents and substituted agents
- difference between sum agents and substituted agents 
- Termination of agency

DELEGATUS NON POTEST DELEGARE (SUB- AGENTS AND SUBSTITUTED AGENTS) & TERMINATION OF AGENCY

This lesson discusses the various duties of an agent vis- a - vis the rights of a principal along with the concept of agent’s authority in case of an emergency.

DUTIES OF AGENT = RIGHTS OF PRINCIPAL

This lesson discusses the duties of the principal vis- a - vis the rights of an agent. It also discusses exclusive liabilities of the agent along with the topic of third party liability of an agent.

Lessons

41 lessons • 7h 31m