My quality is to study the UPSC's Analytical Studies & Also Cleared three time UPSC mains & UGC NET.Currently in Kalka IAS Academy Bhopal

R K Shukla

It's very special for UPSC & MPPSC students.
we have discussed towards Geographical features of india & it's important how it's consider as a central position in Asia.
 The trans Indian Ocean routes which connect the countries of Europe in the West and the countries of East Asia provide a strategic central location to India.

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(Hindi) Indian Geography Geographical Features

India is situated north of the equator between 8°4' to 37°6' north latitude and 68°7' to 97°25' east longitude with a total area of 3,287,263 square kilometres (1,269,219 sq mi).
India measures 3,214 km (1,997 mi) from north to south and 2,933 km (1,822 mi) from east to west. It has a land frontier of 15,106.7 km (9,387 mi) and a coastline of 7,516.6 km (4,671 mi).
India lies between 8 degree 4 minutes North to 37 degree 6 minute North and its longitudinal distance is from 68 degree 7 minute East to 97 degree 25 minute East.

Latitude and Longitude Extent of India (in Hindi)

Territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Definition: This entry includes the following claims, the definitions of which are excerpted from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which alone contains the full and definitive descriptions: 
territorial sea - the sovereignty of a coastal state extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea in the UNCLOS (Part II); this sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as its underlying seabed and subsoil; every state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles; the normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the mean low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal state; where the coasts of two states are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither state is entitled to extend its territorial sea beyond the median line, every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baseline from which the territorial seas of both states are measured; the UNCLOS describes specific rules for archipelagic states.
contiguous zone - according to the UNCLOS (Article 33), this is a zone contiguous to a coastal state's territorial sea, over which it may exercise the control necessary to: prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration, or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea; punish infringement of the above laws and regulations committed within its territory or territorial sea; the contiguous zone may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured (e.g., the US has claimed a 12-nautical mile contiguous zone in addition to its 12-nautical mile territorial sea); where the coasts of two states are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither state is entitled to extend its contiguous zone beyond the median line, every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baseline from which the contiguous zone of both states are measured. 
exclusive economic zone (EEZ) - the UNCLOS (Part V) defines the EEZ as a zone beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea in which a coastal state has: sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the waters superjacent to the seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil, and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water, currents, and winds; jurisdiction with regard to the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures; marine scientific research; the protection and preservation of the marine environment; the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone shall not exceed 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. 
continental shelf - the UNCLOS (Article 76) defines the continental shelf of a coastal state as comprising the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance; the continental margin comprises the submerged prolongation of the landmass of the coastal state, and consists of the seabed and subsoil of the shelf, the slope and the rise; wherever the continental margin extends beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline, coastal states may extend their claim to a distance not to exceed 350 nautical miles from the baseline or 100 nautical miles from the 2,500-meter isobath, which is a line connecting points of 2,500 meters in depth; it does not include the deep ocean floor with its oceanic ridges or the subsoil thereof. 
exclusive fishing zone - while this term is not used in the UNCLOS, some states (e.g., the United Kingdom) have chosen not to claim an EEZ, but rather to claim jurisdiction over the living resources off their coast; in such cases, the term exclusive fishing zone is often used; the breadth of this zone is normally the same as the EEZ or 200 nautical miles.

Maritime Claims of India (in Hindi)

Telangana became the 29th state of India on June 2, 2014. It was previously a part of Andhra Pradesh. Before India became independent it was included in the state of Hyderabad, which comprised two divisions, namely Warangal and Medak. At that time the region was governed by the Nizams. As per the 2011 Census, the region had a population of 35,193,978, which accounted for 41.6% of the population of Andhra Pradesh. Telangana is divided into 31 districts.

History of the Formation of Telangana

The movement to create a separate state of Telangana had started long back. There had been several movements but the most important ones happened during 1969, 1972 and 2009. Over the years, the movement gathered a lot of steam.

The process of creating the separate state of Telangana was initiated on December 9, 2009 with a formal announcement from the Indian government. However, in protest, MLAs and MPs from the Rayalseema and Coastal Andhra areas tendered their resignations.
Puducherry, original name Putucceri, formerly (until 2006) Pondicherry, also spelled Pondichéry, union territory of india. It was formed in 1962 out of the four former colonies of French India: puducherry  and  karaikalalong India’s southeastern Coromandal coast surrounded by Tamil Nadu state; Yanam, farther north along the eastern coast in the delta region of the Godavari River, surrounded by  Andhre Pradesh state; and mahe, lying on the western Malabar coast, surrounded by  Kerala state. The territory’s capital is the city of puducherry in the Puducherry sector, just north of Cuddalor

Telangana and Puducherry Special Description for UPSC PSC (in Hindi)

The Andaman and Nicobar islands extend from 6° 45′ N to 13° 45′ N and from 92° 10′ E to 94° 15′ E for a distance of about 590 km.
The Andaman islands are divided into three main islands i.e. North, Middle and South.
Duncan passage separates Little Andaman from South Andaman.
The Great Andaman group of islands in the north is separated by the Ten Degree Channelfrom the Nicobar group in the south [Prelims 2014].
Port Blair, the capital of Andaman Nicobar Islands lies in the South Andaman.
Among the Nicobar islands, the Great Nicobaris the largest. It is the southernmost island and is very close to Sumatra island of Indonesia. The Car Nicobar is the northernmost.
Most of these islands are made of tertiary sandstone, limestone and shale resting on basic and ultrabasic volcanoes [Similar to Himalayas].
THE BARREN AND NARCONDAM ISLANDS, north of Port Blair, are volcanic islands [these are the only active volcanoes in India][There are no active volcanoes in main land India] Some of the islands are fringed with coral reefs. Many of them are covered with thick forests. Most of the islands are mountainous.
Saddle peak (737 m) in North Andaman is the highest peak.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands Special Notes for UPSC PSC (in Hindi)

The biggest onslaught on the concept of United India came in the form of Radcliff Line, which divided British India in two independent countries India and Pakistan in 1947. It was named after its architect, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, who, as chairman of the Border Commissions, was charged with equitably dividing 175,000 square miles of territory with 88 million people. The line separates India and Pakistan from the run of Kutch in  Gujarat till internation border in Jammu in Jammu & Kashmir. MacMohan Line marks the border between India and China. Though China never accepts the line as it was drawn in 1914 between British India and Tibet which was an independent state then under Simla Accord. It is the effective boundary between China and India, although its legal status is disputed by the Chinese government.The Durand Line is the 2,430-kilometre International border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Sir Mortimer Durand had drawn this line in 1893 between Afghanistan and then British India, which later got divided into two countries India and Pakistan in 1947.

Lessons

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Latitude and Longitude Extent of India (in Hindi)

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Maritime Claims of India (in Hindi)

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Telangana and Puducherry Special Description for UPSC PSC (in Hindi)

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Andaman and Nicobar Islands Special Notes for UPSC PSC (in Hindi)

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Durand, Radcliffe and MacMohan Line Special Notes (in Hindi)