Emergence of Heterodox sects

Consider the following statements:

1. The Rummindei inscription of Ashoka identifies Lumbini as the birthplace of the Buddha.

2. Buddhist texts call Shuddhodana a “king,” but the polity was structurally oligarchic-republican.

3. The name “Gautama” reflects adoption of a Brahmanical Vedic gotra identity.

4. The capital Kapilavastu is conclusively identified with a single uncontested archaeological site.