A social psychologist explains that emotions such as fear, anger, and tenderness are not merely reactions but are inherently tied to specific innate tendencies that simultaneously involve cognition, affect, and conation. Which of the following propositions is most consistent with this view?
Each instinct consists of a cognitive, affective, and conative component directing goal-oriented behavior.
Emotions arise independently of instincts and are secondary to cognitive appraisal.
Social behavior is best understood through reinforcement histories rather than innate propensities.
Instincts are learned response patterns shaped entirely by environmental contingencies.
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